Lawrence C W, Maher V M
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, U.S.A.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2001 May;29(Pt 2):187-91. doi: 10.1042/0300-5127:0290187.
Translesion replication is a mechanism that employs specialized DNA polymerases for promoting continued nascent strand extension at forks blocked by the presence of unrepaired DNA damage. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae at least, this process contributes only modestly to the ability of cells to tolerate DNA damage, but is a major source of DNA-damage-induced substitutions and frameshifts, and of spontaneous mutations. Translesion replication past many types of DNA damage in yeast depends on the activities of DNA polymerase zeta (pol zeta) and Rev1p. Pol zeta is found in most, but not all, eukaryotes investigated, whereas Rev1p appears to be universal. Genes encoding these enzymes are found in humans, and appear to perform functions similar to those in yeast.
跨损伤复制是一种机制，它利用特殊的DNA聚合酶来促进在因未修复的DNA损伤而受阻的复制叉处新生链的持续延伸。至少在酿酒酵母中，这个过程对细胞耐受DNA损伤的能力贡献不大，但却是DNA损伤诱导的替换、移码以及自发突变的主要来源。酵母中跨越多种类型DNA损伤的跨损伤复制依赖于DNA聚合酶ζ（pol ζ）和Rev1p的活性。在大多数（但不是所有）已研究的真核生物中都发现了pol ζ，而Rev1p似乎是普遍存在的。编码这些酶的基因在人类中也有发现，并且似乎执行与酵母中类似的功能。
