Dickmeiss E, Christiansen A H, Smith E
H:S Rigshospitalet, klinisk immunologisk afdeling, og epidemiologisk afdeling, Statens Serum Institut, København.
Ugeskr Laeger. 2001 May 7;163(19):2628-32.
Published results of donor blood screening in Denmark were used to calculate the risks of window phase donations.
The main parameter was the frequencies of a confirmed positive donation from regular donors per 100,000 donations are: 0.34, for HIV; 0.47 for hepatitis C virus; 0.53 for hepatitis B virus; and nil for HTLVI/II. The mean interdonation interval between donations from regular donors is six months year. Window phase duration were estimated to be 22 days for anti-HIV; 10 weeks for anti-HCV; and 56 days for HBsAg. Blood from candidate donors is not used in Denmark. Thus, the risk of a window phase donation equals the risk of a window phase donation in donations from regular donors.
The risks of window phase donations in Denmark are: 1 in 2,000,000 for HIV; 1 in 500,000 for hepatitis C; 1 in 250,000 for hepatitis B; and immeasurably low for HTLVI/II.
The measures taken nowadays to prevent infection from allogeneic blood transfusion have resulted in a risk reduction of HIV transmission by a factor 50 and of HCV transmission by a factor 400, compared with the risks prevailing in Denmark in the early 1980s. The present very low risk renders obsolete predeposited autologous blood solely on the indication to prevent infection. Zero risk of transmission of HIV and HCV might be approached by introducing NAT screening for these viruses.
丹麦公布的献血者血液筛查结果被用于计算窗口期献血的风险。
主要参数是每100,000次定期献血者中确诊阳性献血的频率，分别为：HIV为0.34；丙型肝炎病毒为0.47；乙型肝炎病毒为0.53；人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒I/II为零。定期献血者两次献血之间的平均间隔时间为每年6个月。估计窗口期持续时间为：抗HIV为22天；抗HCV为10周；HBsAg为56天。丹麦不使用候选献血者的血液。因此，窗口期献血的风险等同于定期献血者窗口期献血的风险。
丹麦窗口期献血的风险为：HIV为200万分之一；丙型肝炎为50万分之一；乙型肝炎为25万分之一；人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒I/II极低。
与20世纪80年代初丹麦普遍存在的风险相比，目前为预防异体输血感染所采取的措施已使HIV传播风险降低了50倍，HCV传播风险降低了400倍。目前极低的风险使得仅出于预防感染的目的而预存自体血变得过时。通过引入针对这些病毒的核酸检测筛查，有可能接近HIV和HCV传播的零风险。
