Furedy J J, Poulos C X
Biol Psychol. 1975;2(3):165-73. doi: 10.1016/0301-0511(75)90017-4.
This study was directed at examining the feasibility of using a respiratory-induced cardiac decelerative reflex as an unconditioned response (UCR) in a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm. Experiment I assessed the reflexive features of the cardiac response under a respiratory procedure which involved 3 sec of exhalation, 4 sec of inhalation, and then 30 sec of breath-holding (BH). The results indicated that the BH onset aspect of this respiratory cycle involved a phasic, large-magnitude cardiac deceleration (27 beats/min) with short latency, fast recruitment, and no indication of habituation over trials. Experiment II examined the feasibility of using BH onset as an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in a Pavlovian paradigm by presenting an auditory conditional stimulus (CS) 1 sec prior to the instructed BH aspect of the respiratory cycle. A separate control condition involved presenting the CS 10 sec after BH onset which constituted a 'backward' conditioning control. The results indicated that the conditioning group displayed a significant cardiac deceleration on CS-alone test trials (under normal breathing) in contrast to the absence of such an effect for the control group. In brief, the study suggested that a decelerative conditioned response (CR) could be established by using a respiratory-induced cardiac deceleration as a Pavlovian UCS. Potential clinical applications of such a decelerative CR were noted.
本研究旨在探讨在巴甫洛夫条件反射范式中，将呼吸诱发的心脏减速反射用作无条件反应（UCR）的可行性。实验I评估了在一种呼吸程序下心脏反应的反射特征，该呼吸程序包括3秒呼气、4秒吸气，然后30秒屏气（BH）。结果表明，这个呼吸周期的屏气开始阶段涉及一种相位性的、大幅度的心脏减速（每分钟27次心跳），潜伏期短，募集速度快，并且在多次试验中没有出现习惯化迹象。实验II通过在呼吸周期中指示的屏气阶段前1秒呈现听觉条件刺激（CS），研究了在巴甫洛夫范式中使用屏气开始作为无条件刺激（UCS）的可行性。一个单独的对照条件是在屏气开始后10秒呈现CS，这构成了一个“逆向”条件反射对照。结果表明，与对照组没有这种效应相比，条件反射组在单独CS测试试验（正常呼吸情况下）中表现出显著的心脏减速。简而言之，该研究表明，可以通过将呼吸诱发的心脏减速用作巴甫洛夫UCS来建立减速条件反应（CR）。文中提到了这种减速CR的潜在临床应用。
