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基于呼吸诱导的心脏减速作为无条件反射的人类巴甫洛夫式心脏减速条件反射。

Human Pavlovian decelerative cardiac conditioning based on a respiratory-induced cardiac deceleration as an unconditional reflex.

作者信息

Furedy J J, Poulos C X

出版信息

Biol Psychol. 1975;2(3):165-73. doi: 10.1016/0301-0511(75)90017-4.

DOI:10.1016/0301-0511(75)90017-4
PMID:1139016
Abstract

This study was directed at examining the feasibility of using a respiratory-induced cardiac decelerative reflex as an unconditioned response (UCR) in a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm. Experiment I assessed the reflexive features of the cardiac response under a respiratory procedure which involved 3 sec of exhalation, 4 sec of inhalation, and then 30 sec of breath-holding (BH). The results indicated that the BH onset aspect of this respiratory cycle involved a phasic, large-magnitude cardiac deceleration (27 beats/min) with short latency, fast recruitment, and no indication of habituation over trials. Experiment II examined the feasibility of using BH onset as an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in a Pavlovian paradigm by presenting an auditory conditional stimulus (CS) 1 sec prior to the instructed BH aspect of the respiratory cycle. A separate control condition involved presenting the CS 10 sec after BH onset which constituted a 'backward' conditioning control. The results indicated that the conditioning group displayed a significant cardiac deceleration on CS-alone test trials (under normal breathing) in contrast to the absence of such an effect for the control group. In brief, the study suggested that a decelerative conditioned response (CR) could be established by using a respiratory-induced cardiac deceleration as a Pavlovian UCS. Potential clinical applications of such a decelerative CR were noted.

摘要

本研究旨在探讨在巴甫洛夫条件反射范式中,将呼吸诱发的心脏减速反射用作无条件反应(UCR)的可行性。实验I评估了在一种呼吸程序下心脏反应的反射特征,该呼吸程序包括3秒呼气、4秒吸气,然后30秒屏气(BH)。结果表明,这个呼吸周期的屏气开始阶段涉及一种相位性的、大幅度的心脏减速(每分钟27次心跳),潜伏期短,募集速度快,并且在多次试验中没有出现习惯化迹象。实验II通过在呼吸周期中指示的屏气阶段前1秒呈现听觉条件刺激(CS),研究了在巴甫洛夫范式中使用屏气开始作为无条件刺激(UCS)的可行性。一个单独的对照条件是在屏气开始后10秒呈现CS,这构成了一个“逆向”条件反射对照。结果表明,与对照组没有这种效应相比,条件反射组在单独CS测试试验(正常呼吸情况下)中表现出显著的心脏减速。简而言之,该研究表明,可以通过将呼吸诱发的心脏减速用作巴甫洛夫UCS来建立减速条件反应(CR)。文中提到了这种减速CR的潜在临床应用。

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Human Pavlovian decelerative cardiac conditioning based on a respiratory-induced cardiac deceleration as an unconditional reflex.基于呼吸诱导的心脏减速作为无条件反射的人类巴甫洛夫式心脏减速条件反射。
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