Marsh K L, Johnson B T, Scott-Sheldon L A
University of Connecticut, Department of Psychology, 406 Babbidge Road, U-1020, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA.
Z Exp Psychol. 2001;48(2):161-75. doi: 10.1026//0949-3946.48.2.161.
We test the hypothesis that explicit and implicit measures of attitudes would differentially predict deliberate versus spontaneous behavior in the domain of condom use. Students completed explicit attitudinal and thought-listing measures about using condoms and implicit measures using attitude priming and Implicit Association Test (IAT) procedures. An attitude IAT measured the association between condom images and affective images; a self-identity IAT measured association of condoms with the self. We predicted and found that condom use with main partners was predicted by explicit measures but not implicit measures; the opposite was true for condom use with casual partners. Although the attitude priming measure was not positively correlated with casual condom use, the IATs were. The patterns of relations, however, were unexpectedly complex, due to a strong decrease in IAT effects over time, and different IATs assessing unique attitudinal dimensions.
在使用避孕套的领域中,态度的显性和隐性测量会对蓄意行为与自发行为产生不同的预测作用。学生们完成了关于使用避孕套的显性态度和思维列举测量,以及使用态度启动和内隐联想测验(IAT)程序的隐性测量。一个态度IAT测量了避孕套图像与情感图像之间的关联;一个自我认同IAT测量了避孕套与自我的关联。我们预测并发现,与主要伴侣使用避孕套的情况是由显性测量而非隐性测量预测的;与偶然伴侣使用避孕套的情况则相反。虽然态度启动测量与偶然使用避孕套没有正相关,但IATs有。然而,由于IAT效应随时间大幅下降,以及不同的IAT评估独特的态度维度,关系模式出人意料地复杂。