Elliott E M, Cowan N
Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Columbia, 65211, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2001 May;27(3):654-67.
The speed of naming the color of a colored square was examined with acoustic distraction to study the effects of the formation of a mental representation (neural model) of distractors. In Experiment 1, practice with the distractors (color words, noncolor words, and tones) was examined, and in Experiments 2 and 3 each color-naming trial was preceded by preexposures to sounds that could be dissimilar, similar, or identical to the upcoming auditory distractor. Consistency in the identity of ignored sounds, whether during color-naming practice or between preexposures and test, reduced interference with color naming. Consistency in voice played no role, and attended preexposures were ineffective in reducing interference. Given these results, the authors propose that mental representations of distractors include information about their task relevance, which modulates disruption of the primary task.
通过声音干扰来研究命名彩色方块颜色的速度，以探究干扰物心理表征（神经模型）形成的影响。在实验1中，研究了对干扰物（颜色词、非颜色词和音调）的练习情况；在实验2和实验3中，每次颜色命名试验之前，先对与即将出现的听觉干扰物可能不同、相似或相同的声音进行预暴露。无论是在颜色命名练习期间，还是在预暴露和测试之间，被忽略声音的一致性降低了对颜色命名的干扰。声音的一致性没有作用，而参与的预暴露在减少干扰方面无效。基于这些结果，作者提出干扰物的心理表征包括有关其任务相关性的信息，这会调节对主要任务的干扰。
