Lynch J
Chem Biol Interact. 2001 Jun 1;135-136:147-53. doi: 10.1016/s0009-2797(01)00187-9.
The monomer 1,3 butadiene (BD) is a product of the petrochemical industry. It is used to make several elastomers including the very high volume styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) that comprises the bulk of automobile tires. It is also used to make polybutadiene rubber that is used in parts of tires, coatings, composites and other products. The monomer can be converted to chlorobutadiene (chloroprene) and used to make polychloroprene (neoprene). BD is one of the several olefins created by cracking hydrocarbons in the presence of steam. A mixed C4 stream from the steam cracker is then sent to a BD monomer extraction unit. Modern units typically use dimethyl formamide as the extraction solvent. SBR is commonly made by the copolymerization of BD and styrene, along with various additives to control the reaction, in a water emulsion. The reaction proceeds in a continuous chain of reactors until it is 'shortstopped' by a strong reducing agent. After removing unreacted monomers from the stabilized latex, it is blended, coagulated and dewatered. The resulting dry rubber crumb is bailed, film wrapped and stored in crates. The polymerization of BD to make polybutadiene rubber can be conducted as a water suspension type polymerization similar to SBR or in a solvent system followed by solvent recovery and transfer into water suspension.
单体1,3 - 丁二烯（BD）是石化行业的一种产品。它用于制造多种弹性体，包括产量极大的丁苯橡胶（SBR），这种橡胶构成了汽车轮胎的主体。它还用于制造聚丁二烯橡胶，该橡胶用于轮胎部件、涂料、复合材料及其他产品。该单体可转化为氯丁二烯（氯丁橡胶），并用于制造聚氯丁二烯（氯丁橡胶）。BD是在蒸汽存在下裂解烃类产生的几种烯烃之一。来自蒸汽裂解装置的混合C4物流随后被送至BD单体萃取单元。现代装置通常使用二甲基甲酰胺作为萃取溶剂。丁苯橡胶通常是通过在水乳液中使BD和苯乙烯与各种用于控制反应的添加剂进行共聚来制造的。反应在一系列连续的反应器中进行，直到被强还原剂“终止”。从稳定化的胶乳中除去未反应的单体后，将其混合、凝聚并脱水。得到的干橡胶粒料被打包、用薄膜包裹并储存在板条箱中。将BD聚合成聚丁二烯橡胶可以像丁苯橡胶那样以水悬浮型聚合进行，或者在溶剂体系中进行，随后进行溶剂回收并转移到水悬浮体系中。
