Dallard I, Cathebras P, Sauron C, Massoubre C
Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne.
Encephale. 2001 Mar-Apr;27(2):181-6.
The aim of this work was to search for eating disorders, DSM III-R Axis I mental disorders, personality disorders, and addictive behavior, in self-labeled "chocolate addicts". Subjects were recruited through advertisements placed in a university and a hospital. Fifteen subjects were included, 3 men and 12 women aged between 18 and 49. Most of them were not overweight, although 7 thought they had a weight problem. They consumed an average of 50 g per day of pure cacao and, for 13 subjects, this consumption was lasting since childhood or adolescence. The psychological effects of chocolate, as indicated by the subjects, consisted in feelings of increased energy or increased concentration ability, and in an anxiolytic effect during stress. Seven subjects described minor withdrawal symptoms. None of the subjects reached the thresholds for eating disorders on the EAT and BULIT scales. The structured interview (MINI) identified an important ratio of subjects with a history of major depressive episode (13/15), and one woman was currently experiencing a major depressive episode. Four people suffered, or had suffered from anxiety disorders. Although only one subject satisfied all criteria for a personality disorder on the DIP-Q, seven displayed some pathological personality features. The self-labeled "chocoholics" do not seem to suffer from eating disorders, but may represent a population of psychologically vulnerable and depression--or anxiety--prone people. They seem to use chocolate as a light psychotropic drug able to relieve some of their distress. The amount of cacao consumed, although very chronically, remains moderate, and they rarely display other addictive behaviors.
这项研究的目的是在自称为“巧克力成瘾者”的人群中探寻饮食失调、《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订本（DSM III-R）轴I精神障碍、人格障碍及成瘾行为。研究对象通过在一所大学和一家医院张贴的广告招募而来。共纳入15名研究对象，3名男性和12名女性，年龄在18至49岁之间。他们中的大多数人并不超重，尽管有7人认为自己有体重问题。他们平均每天食用50克纯可可，其中13名研究对象从童年或青少年时期就开始持续这种食用量。研究对象表示，巧克力的心理效应包括精力增强感或注意力集中能力增强感，以及在压力状态下的抗焦虑作用。7名研究对象描述了轻微的戒断症状。在饮食态度测试（EAT）和饮食失调量表（BULIT）上，没有一名研究对象达到饮食失调的阈值。结构化访谈（MINI）发现有相当比例的研究对象有重度抑郁发作史（13/15），且有一名女性目前正处于重度抑郁发作期。4人曾患或正在患焦虑症。尽管在DIP-Q人格问卷上只有一名研究对象符合人格障碍的所有标准，但有7人表现出一些病理性人格特征。这些自称为“巧克力狂”的人似乎没有饮食失调问题，但可能代表了一群心理脆弱且易患抑郁症或焦虑症的人群。他们似乎将巧克力当作一种能缓解部分痛苦的轻度精神药物。尽管食用可可的时间非常长，但食用量仍然适中，而且他们很少表现出其他成瘾行为。
