Frost J J, Ranjit N, Manzella K, Darroch J E, Audam S
The Alan Guttmacher Institute, New York, USA.
Fam Plann Perspect. 2001 May-Jun;33(3):113-22.
Publicly funded family planning clinics are a vital source of contraceptive and reproductive health care for millions of U.S. women. It is important periodically to assess the number and type of clinics and the number of contraceptive clients they serve.
Service data were requested for agencies and clinics providing publicly funded family planning services in the United States in 1997. The numbers of agencies, clinics and female contraceptive clients were tabulated according to various characteristics and were compared with similar data for 1994. Finally, county data were tabulated according to the presence of family planning clinics and private physicians likely to provide family planning care and according to the number of female contraceptive clients served compared with the number of women needing publicly funded care.
In 1997, 3,117 agencies offered publicly funded contraceptive services at 7,206 clinic sites. Forty percent of clinics were run by health departments, 21% by community health centers, 13% by Planned Parenthood affiliates and 26% by hospitals or other agencies. Overall, 59% of clinics received Title X funding. Agencies operated an average of 2.3 clinics, and clinics served an average of 910 contraceptive clients per year. Altogether, clinics provided contraceptive services to 6.6 million women-approximately two of every five women estimated to need publicly funded contraceptive care. The total number of providers and the total number of women served remained stable between 1994 and 1997; at the local level, however, clinic turnover was high. Some 85% of all US counties had one or more publicly funded family planning clinics; 36% had one or more clinics, but no private obstetrician-gynecologist.
Publicly funded family planning clinics are distributed widely throughout the United States and continue to provide contraceptive care to millions of US women. Clinics are sometimes the only source of specialized family planning care available to women in rural counties. However, the high rate of clinic tumover and the lack of significant growth in clinic numbers suggest that limited funding and rising costs have hindered the further expansion and outreach of the clinic network to new geographic areas and hard-to-reach populations.
由公共资金资助的计划生育诊所是数百万美国女性避孕和生殖健康护理的重要来源。定期评估诊所的数量和类型以及它们所服务的避孕客户数量很重要。
要求提供1997年在美国提供由公共资金资助的计划生育服务的机构和诊所的服务数据。根据各种特征将机构、诊所和女性避孕客户的数量制成表格，并与1994年的类似数据进行比较。最后，根据计划生育诊所和可能提供计划生育护理的私人医生的存在情况以及所服务的女性避孕客户数量与需要公共资金资助护理的女性数量的比较，将县数据制成表格。
1997年，3117个机构在7206个诊所地点提供由公共资金资助的避孕服务。40%的诊所由卫生部门运营，21%由社区卫生中心运营，13%由计划生育附属机构运营，26%由医院或其他机构运营。总体而言，59%的诊所获得了第十类拨款。各机构平均运营2.3个诊所，诊所平均每年为910名避孕客户提供服务。诊所总共为660万女性提供了避孕服务——约占估计需要公共资金资助避孕护理的每五名女性中的两名。1994年至1997年期间，提供者总数和服务女性总数保持稳定；然而，在地方层面，诊所更替率很高。美国约85%的县有一个或多个由公共资金资助的计划生育诊所；36%的县有一个或多个诊所，但没有私人妇产科医生。
由公共资金资助的计划生育诊所在美国广泛分布，并继续为数百万美国女性提供避孕护理。诊所在某些情况下是农村县女性可获得的唯一专门计划生育护理来源。然而，诊所的高更替率以及诊所数量缺乏显著增长表明，资金有限和成本上升阻碍了诊所网络向新地理区域和难以触及人群的进一步扩展和推广。
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