世界贸易组织《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》对泰国制药业的影响。
Impact of the World Trade Organization TRIPS agreement on the pharmaceutical industry in Thailand.
作者信息
Supakankunti S, Janjaroen W S, Tangphao O, Ratanawijitrasin S, Kraipornsak P, Pradithavanij P
机构信息
Centre for Health Economics, Faculty of Economics, Chulalongkom University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
出版信息
Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79(5):461-70.
The 1994 World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) established minimum universal standards in all areas of intellectual property. It is intended to implement these standards globally through a WTO enforcement mechanism. The present article proposes a strategy for alleviating the potentially negative impact of TRIPS in Thailand in relation to the following: purchasers; prescribers and dispensers; producers; products; price control; patent-to-third-party; parallel imports; power of the customer; patentable new drugs; personnel; and prevention policies. The following TRIPS provisions are pertinent to the pharmaceutical industry in Thailand: the limited term of product and process patents; the conditions of protection; and the broad scope for compulsory licensing and enforcement procedures in the national patent system.
1994年世界贸易组织（WTO）《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》（TRIPS）在知识产权的所有领域确立了最低通用标准。其旨在通过世贸组织的执行机制在全球实施这些标准。本文提出了一项战略，以减轻TRIPS在泰国可能产生的负面影响，涉及以下方面：购买者；开处方者和配药者；生产者；产品；价格控制；专利与第三方；平行进口；消费者权力；可获专利的新药；人员；以及预防政策。TRIPS的以下条款与泰国制药行业相关：产品和方法专利的有限期限；保护条件；以及国家专利制度中强制许可和执行程序的广泛范围。
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