Suneja T, Belsito D V
Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Jul;45(1):23-7. doi: 10.1067/mjd.2001.113473.
Thimerosal, a mercuric derivative of thiosalicylic acid, is a preservative used in several types of consumer products, including cosmetics, ophthalmic and otolaryngologic medications, and vaccines. As a result of allergic reactions and environmental concerns, its use has declined significantly during the past 2 decades. During a 5-year study at the University of Kansas Medical Center, 574 patients were patch tested to the North American Contact Dermatitis Group's standard allergen tray, which included thimerosal. The demographic data from thimerosal-allergic and nonallergic persons were compared. Statistically significant increases in thimerosal allergy were found among women, health care workers, secretaries, and cooks. Thimerosal-allergic persons were more likely to be allergic to neomycin, bacitracin, and tixocortol pivalate. Despite a high percentage of thimerosal-allergic patients in our test population, very few of these allergic reactions were found to be clinically relevant to the patient's current dermatologic condition. Using the Significance-Prevalence Index Number for thimerosal and contrasting this number with the Significance-Prevalence Index Number for other allergens on the North American Contact Dermatitis Group's standard tray, we propose that either ethyleneurea/melamine formaldehyde or bacitracin would be more useful than thimerosal as a commercially available screening allergen.
硫柳汞是硫代水杨酸的汞衍生物，是一种用于多种消费品的防腐剂，包括化妆品、眼科和耳鼻喉科药物以及疫苗。由于过敏反应和环境问题，在过去20年中其使用量已大幅下降。在堪萨斯大学医学中心进行的一项为期5年的研究中，对574名患者进行了北美接触性皮炎组标准变应原盘的斑贴试验，该变应原盘包括硫柳汞。比较了硫柳汞过敏者和非过敏者的人口统计学数据。发现女性、医护人员、秘书和厨师中硫柳汞过敏的发生率有统计学意义的增加。硫柳汞过敏者更可能对新霉素、杆菌肽和匹伐酸替可的松过敏。尽管在我们的测试人群中硫柳汞过敏患者的比例很高，但发现这些过敏反应中很少与患者当前的皮肤病状况具有临床相关性。使用硫柳汞的显著性-患病率指数，并将该指数与北美接触性皮炎组标准盘上其他变应原的显著性-患病率指数进行对比，我们建议作为市售筛查变应原，亚乙基脲/三聚氰胺甲醛或杆菌肽比硫柳汞更有用。
