Sala L, Mujeriego R
Department of Hydraulic, Coastal and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, Gran Capitán, s/n, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Water Sci Technol. 2001;43(10):109-16.
The increasing use of mineral fertilisers over the last decades has contributed to the appearance of numerous cases of water eutrophication, a new form of water pollution. The starting point of eutrophication is the increase of nutrient concentration (nitrogen and phosphorus) in a water mass, which is subsequently followed by an uncontrolled growth of primary producers and episodes of oxygen depletion due to microbial decomposition of algal organic matter. The excess nutrient loads reaching surface waters are usually associated to discharges from anthropogenic activities, which normally involve direct water usage instead of reuse of reclaimed effluents. Agriculture activities and livestock breeding are two of the main nutrient sources responsible for water eutrophication, as well as human--urban and industrial--wastewater discharges. Wastewater reclamation and reuse can be a suitable strategy for preserving the quality of natural waters, by suppressing effluent discharges and the associated nutrient contributions to receiving waters. Reuse of reclaimed water for agricultural and landscape irrigation as well as for environmental enhancement offers an adequate strategy for preserving natural water systems from eutrophication.
在过去几十年中，矿物肥料使用的增加导致了大量水体富营养化案例的出现，这是一种新的水污染形式。富营养化的起点是水体中营养物质浓度（氮和磷）的增加，随后是初级生产者的无节制生长以及由于藻类有机物的微生物分解导致的氧气耗尽事件。进入地表水的过量营养负荷通常与人为活动的排放有关，这些活动通常涉及直接用水而非再生废水的回用。农业活动和畜牧养殖是造成水体富营养化的两个主要营养来源，城市和工业废水排放也是如此。废水回收和回用可以成为保护天然水体质量的合适策略，通过抑制废水排放以及相关营养物质对受纳水体的贡献。将再生水用于农业和景观灌溉以及环境改善，为保护天然水系统免受富营养化提供了一种适当的策略。
