Salter R H
Practitioner. 1975 May;214(1283):679-684.
Symptoms such as diarrhoea and rectal bleeding are suggestive of ulcerative colitis but this diagnosis should never be made without confirmation by sigmoidoscopy and rectal biopsy and the possibility of infection excluded by stool culture and microscopy. A barium-enema is usually essential to assess the extent of the disease process. Treatment of the initial attack or subsequent relapses should be started as soon as possible and early referral to hospital is indicated, both for diagnostic confirmation and for therapeutic advice. The relapsing nature of the disease necessitates adequate follow-up and it should be possible for the patient to be seen at hospital with the minimum of delay. Most patients with colitis can be managed successfully by medical treatment, but occasionally emergency or elective proctocolectomy is indicated.
腹泻和直肠出血等症状提示溃疡性结肠炎，但在未通过乙状结肠镜检查和直肠活检确诊且未通过粪便培养和显微镜检查排除感染可能性之前，绝不应做出此诊断。钡剂灌肠通常对于评估疾病进程的范围至关重要。应尽快开始对初次发作或后续复发进行治疗，并建议尽早转诊至医院，以便进行诊断确认和获取治疗建议。该疾病的复发特性需要进行充分的随访，并且应尽可能使患者在最短的延迟时间内接受医院诊治。大多数结肠炎患者可以通过药物治疗成功管理，但偶尔需要进行急诊或择期直肠结肠切除术。
