Canivet V, Chambon P, Gibert J
UMR-CNRS no. 5023, Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Fluviaux, Equipe d'Hydrobiologie et Ecologie Souterraines, Université Lyon I, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2001 Apr;40(3):345-54. doi: 10.1007/s002440010182.
Lethal toxicity levels of two inorganic water pollutants, chromium (Cr6+) and arsenic (As3+), were determined toward six freshwater macroinvertebrate species collected from a single field site. Crustaceans were represented by two amphipod species, an epigean one (Gammarus fossarum) and a hypogean one (Niphargus rhenorhodanensis), and by an isopod species (Asellus aquaticus). There were two insect larvae, Heptagenia sulphurea (Ephemeroptera) and Hydropsiche pellucidula (Trichoptera) and a snail, Physa fontinalis. Median lethal concentrations (LC50s) were determined over 96-h and 240-h periods for chromium and over a 240-h period for arsenic. Arsenic bioaccumulation was studied, too. The macroinvertebrates tested showed a wide range of sensitivity and bioaccumulation. A comparison between 96-h and 240-h experiments demonstrated that there was an increase in toxicity values following a longer time exposure for chromium. Also chromium was more toxic toward crustaceans than arsenic; conversely, arsenic was more toxic for the insect larvae and snail tested here. The lethal concentrations determined for the two metals were discussed and compared to results from other toxicity studies. The use of such macroinvertebrates, collected in the field and tested for longer exposure periods than within the standardized 96-h tests, should provide more suitable results for monitoring the general environmental quality of freshwater systems.
测定了两种无机水污染物铬（Cr6+）和砷（As3+）对从单个野外地点采集的六种淡水大型无脊椎动物的致死毒性水平。甲壳类动物包括两种端足类物种，一种地表生活的（溪钩虾）和一种地下生活的（莱茵霍达尼斯尼氏钩虾），以及一种等足类物种（普通等足虫）。还有两种昆虫幼虫，硫磺短脉纹石蛾（蜉蝣目）和透明长角石蛾（毛翅目）以及一种蜗牛，泉螺。测定了铬在96小时和240小时时间段内以及砷在240小时时间段内的半数致死浓度（LC50）。还研究了砷的生物累积情况。所测试的大型无脊椎动物表现出广泛的敏感性和生物累积性。96小时和240小时实验之间的比较表明，铬暴露时间延长后毒性值增加。而且铬对甲壳类动物的毒性比对砷的毒性更大；相反，砷对这里测试的昆虫幼虫和蜗牛毒性更大。讨论了两种金属的致死浓度，并与其他毒性研究结果进行了比较。使用在野外采集并进行比标准化96小时测试更长暴露时间测试的此类大型无脊椎动物，应该能为监测淡水系统的总体环境质量提供更合适的结果。
