Şimşek Arife
Department of Food, Feed and Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Hemp Research Institute, Atakum, Samsun, 55200, Türkiye.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 30;15(1):27873. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13663-3.
The present work studied the sources, concentrations, distributions, and possible ecotoxicological risks of trace metals (TMs) in surface sediments of the Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak Rivers, the largest rivers in the Black Sea Region of Türkiye, and the Mert and Engiz Rivers located between these rivers, to evaluate the region's health risks and pollution status. Average TM concentrations were measured in mg/kg and ordered from smallest to largest as Cd (4.1) < Co (19.9) < Ni (31.6) < Cu (34.9) < Pb (37.8) < Cr (197.6) < Zn (213.9) < Al (24,408.8) < Fe (35,920). Seasonal changes were observed, especially during the dry season, and Pb, Zn, and Co concentrations were found to increase. The geographic accumulation index (I), contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), and pollution load index (PLI) used in environmental risk assessment indicate medium and high contamination levels and potential ecological effects. Similarly, while toxic risk index (TRI) and aggregate toxicity index (ATI) from toxicity assessment indices showed medium and high toxic levels, the highest individual growth rate (IGR) results of Hyallella azteca used in bioavailable TM assessment were observed in the control sediment (6.8), while the survival rate was 100% in the control sediment, it did not fall below 70% in the other sampling points. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) results showed that Cu, Cd, Co, and Ni metals accumulated in H. azteca tissues. Health risk results indicated no health risk for adults while demonstrating a slight health risk for children. Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed the presence of anthropogenic, lithogenic TM sources and slight effects of industrial and agrogenic sources.
本研究调查了土耳其黑海地区最大的河流克孜勒河和耶希尔河以及位于这两条河之间的默尔特河和恩吉兹河表层沉积物中痕量金属（TMs）的来源、浓度、分布及潜在生态毒理风险，以评估该地区的健康风险和污染状况。TMs的平均浓度以mg/kg为单位测量，从小到大依次为：镉（4.1）＜钴（19.9）＜镍（31.6）＜铜（34.9）＜铅（37.8）＜铬（197.6）＜锌（213.9）＜铝（24408.8）＜铁（35920）。观察到了季节性变化，尤其是在旱季，铅、锌和钴的浓度有所增加。环境风险评估中使用的地积累指数（I）、污染因子（CF）、富集因子（EF）和污染负荷指数（PLI）表明存在中度和高度污染水平以及潜在生态影响。同样，毒性评估指数中的毒性风险指数（TRI）和综合毒性指数（ATI）显示出中度和高度毒性水平，而用于生物可利用TM评估的阿氏摇蚊最高个体生长率（IGR）结果在对照沉积物中观察到（6.8），对照沉积物中的存活率为100%，在其他采样点未低于70%。生物累积因子（BAF）结果表明，铜、镉、钴和镍金属在阿氏摇蚊组织中积累。健康风险结果表明，对成年人无健康风险，而对儿童有轻微健康风险。皮尔逊相关系数（PCC）和主成分分析（PCA）表明存在人为、成岩TM来源以及工业和农业源的轻微影响。
