Besier T F, Lloyd D G, Ackland T R, Cochrane J L
Department of Human Movement & Exercise Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Jul;33(7):1176-81. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200107000-00015.
To determine how unanticipated performance of cutting maneuvers in sport affects the external loads applied to the knee joint and the potential risk for ligament injury.
A 50-Hz VICON motion analysis system was used to determine the lower limb kinematics of 11 healthy male subjects during running and cutting tasks performed under preplanned (PP) and unanticipated (UN) conditions. Subjects performed the UN tasks in response to a light stimulus on a target board. A kinematic model was then used in conjunction with force place data to calculate the three-dimensional loads at the knee joint.
External flexion/extension moments at the knee joint were similar between PP and UN conditions; however, the varus/valgus and internal/external rotation moments during the UN cutting tasks were up to twice the magnitude of the moments measured during the PP condition.
Cutting maneuvers performed without adequate planning may increase the risk of noncontact knee ligament injury due to the increased external varus/valgus and internal/external rotation moments applied to the knee. These results are probably due to the small amount of time to make appropriate postural adjustments before performance of the task, such as the position of the foot on the ground relative to the body center of mass. Subsequently, training for the game situation should involve drills that familiarize players with making unanticipated changes of direction. Practice sessions should also incorporate plyometrics and should focus on better interpretation of visual cues to increase the time available to preplan a movement.
确定体育运动中意外的切削动作表现如何影响施加于膝关节的外部负荷以及韧带损伤的潜在风险。
使用50赫兹的VICON运动分析系统，确定11名健康男性受试者在预先计划（PP）和意外（UN）条件下进行跑步和切削任务时的下肢运动学。受试者对目标板上的轻微刺激做出反应来执行UN任务。然后将运动学模型与力位数据结合使用，以计算膝关节处的三维负荷。
PP和UN条件下膝关节的外部屈伸力矩相似；然而，UN切削任务期间的内翻/外翻和内旋/外旋力矩高达PP条件下测量力矩的两倍。
由于施加于膝关节的外部内翻/外翻和内旋/外旋力矩增加，未经充分计划而进行的切削动作可能会增加非接触性膝关节韧带损伤的风险。这些结果可能是由于在执行任务之前进行适当姿势调整的时间较少，例如脚在地面上相对于身体质心的位置。随后，针对比赛情况的训练应包括使运动员熟悉意外改变方向的练习。练习课程还应纳入增强式训练，并应专注于更好地解读视觉线索，以增加预先计划动作的可用时间。
