Abdalla M A, King A S
Respir Physiol. 1975 Apr;23(3):267-90. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(75)90078-x.
The architecture of the pulmonary circulation in the domestic fowl was studied in 30 birds of different breeds by injection techniques and serial sections. The branches of the cranial, caudomedial and caudolateral rami of the pulmonary artery form interparabronchial arteries which are essentially transverse to the long axis of the parabronchi. At the periphery of the parabronchus they give rise to intraparabronchial arterioles which form capillaries in the exchange tissue. Most of the capillaries drain into atrial veins via intraparabronchial venules. The atrial veins lie near the parabronchial lumen below the interatrial septa. Some of the capillaries empty into septal venules which form a network underneath the atrial muscles and empty into the atrial veins. The atrial veins draining any particular region converge into a single intraparabronchial vein which penetrates the exchange tissue radially to join an interparabronchial vein. The interparabronchial veins contribute to the cranial and caudal radices of the pulmonary vein. The anatomical pathways of blood and gas indicate a cross-current relationship between pulmonary arterial blood and bulk parabronchial gas flow, and a counter-current relationship between capillary blood and gas in the air capillaries.
采用注射技术和连续切片法，对30只不同品种家禽的肺循环结构进行了研究。肺动脉的头侧、尾内侧和尾外侧分支形成支气管间动脉，这些动脉基本垂直于副支气管的长轴。在副支气管的周边，它们发出支气管内小动脉，这些小动脉在交换组织中形成毛细血管。大部分毛细血管通过支气管内小静脉汇入心房静脉。心房静脉位于房间隔下方靠近支气管腔的位置。一些毛细血管汇入间隔小静脉，这些小静脉在心房肌下方形成一个网络，然后汇入心房静脉。引流任何特定区域的心房静脉汇聚成一条单一的支气管内静脉，该静脉径向穿过交换组织，与一条支气管间静脉相连。支气管间静脉汇入肺静脉的头侧和尾侧根部。血液和气体的解剖路径表明，肺动脉血与大量支气管气体流之间呈交叉流关系，而毛细血管血与气毛细血管中的气体之间呈逆流关系。
