Vidya L, Varalakshmi P
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India.
Fitoterapia. 2000 Sep;71(5):535-43. doi: 10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00192-1.
Urolithiasis, the process of formation of stones in the kidney and the urinary tract, is the major clinical manifestation of hyperoxaluria. Crystal deposition, as indicated by increased stone-forming constituents in urine, such as calcium, oxalate and uric acid, and decreased concentration of inhibitors, such as magnesium and glycosaminoglycans, was observed in pyridoxine-deficient hyperoxaluric rats. Renal tubular damage was indicated by increased excretion of enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl glucosaminidase. Fibrinolytic activity was found to be reduced. Administration of pentacyclic triterpenes such as lupeol and its structural analogue betulin to hyperoxaluric rats minimised the tubular damage and reduced the markers of crystal deposition in the kidneys. In this connection, lupeol was found to be more effective than betulin.
尿石症，即肾脏和尿路中结石形成的过程，是高草酸尿症的主要临床表现。在缺乏维生素B6的高草酸尿症大鼠中观察到晶体沉积，表现为尿中结石形成成分（如钙、草酸盐和尿酸）增加，以及抑制剂（如镁和糖胺聚糖）浓度降低。碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、β-葡萄糖醛酸酶和N-乙酰葡糖胺酶等酶的排泄增加表明肾小管受损。发现纤溶活性降低。给高草酸尿症大鼠施用五环三萜类化合物如羽扇豆醇及其结构类似物桦木醇可使肾小管损伤最小化，并减少肾脏中晶体沉积的标志物。在这方面，发现羽扇豆醇比桦木醇更有效。
