Expression and function of glycine receptors in striatal cholinergic interneurons from rat and mouse.

Although glycine receptors are widely expressed in the forebrain their function is obscure. We studied their activation by two possible endogenous ligands, glycine and taurine, and demonstrate a different expression pattern of glycine receptors in neostriatal cholinergic interneurons from two rodent species. Single-cell-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of glycine receptor-subunit expression was combined with whole-cell recordings from acutely isolated cholinergic interneurons. All cells expressed the alpha2-glycine receptor subunit, the majority (72%) in mice but none in young and aged rats expressed the alpha3-subunit. The beta-subunit expression was associated with both a higher efficacy and a higher potency of the partial agonist taurine. Cells expressing the alpha3-subunit displayed a slower desensitization of taurine responses than of glycine responses, in contrast to cells expressing the alpha2-, beta-subunits where desensitization time constants were similar. Glycine responses were reduced by preapplication of taurine; this effect was more pronounced in cells lacking the alpha3-subunit. We demonstrate interspecies differences and heterogeneity in expression and function of glycine receptors within the same neuronal population in the neostriatum.