面部衰老的解剖学与病理生理学
Anatomy and pathophysiology of facial aging.
作者信息
Zimbler M S, Kokoska M S, Thomas J R
机构信息
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York 10003, USA.
出版信息
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2001 May;9(2):179-87, vii.
The major forces responsible for facial aging include gravity, soft tissue maturation, skeletal remodeling, muscular facial activity, and solar changes. This article discusses the anatomy and pathophysiology of facial aging by defining the affects of the aging process on the skeletal structure, skin, and musculature. How these changes affect the upper, mid, and lower thirds of the aging face is then examined.
导致面部衰老的主要因素包括重力、软组织成熟、骨骼重塑、面部肌肉活动以及日照变化。本文通过阐述衰老过程对骨骼结构、皮肤和肌肉组织的影响，探讨面部衰老的解剖学和病理生理学。随后将研究这些变化如何影响衰老面部的上、中、下三部分。
Zotero 插件