Gervais G, Haard T M, Nomura R, Mulders N, Halperin W P
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
Phys Rev Lett. 2001 Jul 16;87(3):035701. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.035701. Epub 2001 Jun 28.
The effect of impurity scattering on the phase diagram of pure superfluid 3He has been investigated by acoustic techniques near the bulk polycritical pressure. Impurities were introduced with a 98% porous silica aerogel. In zero applied field, the equilibrium phase is a B phase, consistent with predictions from isotropic scattering. The superfluid transition in a magnetic field at 25 bars is from normal to A phase and is independent of the magnetic field up to 2.9 kG. A first-order phase transition between A and B superfluids is observed with surprisingly strong supercooling in both zero and nonzero applied field.
通过声学技术，在体多临界压力附近研究了杂质散射对纯超流³He相图的影响。使用98%的多孔二氧化硅气凝胶引入杂质。在零外场下，平衡相为B相，这与各向同性散射的预测一致。在25巴的磁场中，超流转变从正常相到A相，并且在高达2.9千高斯的磁场下与磁场无关。在零外场和非零外场中，均观察到A相和B相超流体之间的一级相变，并伴有惊人的强过冷现象。
