Horai J, Guarnaccia V J
Am J Ment Defic. 1975 May;79(6):690-4.
Performance and causal ascriptions to the four factors effort, ability, luck, and task difficulty as a function of success for failure feedback were investigated. A total of 40 male, educable mentally retarded adults served as subjects. Although performance was unaffected by feedback, results, indicated that (a) success was ascribed to ability more than failure was attributed to lack of ability, (b) failure was attributed to lack of effort more than success was ascribed effort, and (c) failure was ascribed more to bad luck than than success was attributed to good luck. No effects were found on task attributions. Research implications for the attribution theory interpretation of the mentally retarded adults' motivation in achievement-related situations were discussed.
研究了作为成功或失败反馈函数的努力、能力、运气和任务难度这四个因素的表现及因果归因。共有40名可教育的男性成年智障者作为被试。尽管表现不受反馈影响，但结果表明：（a）成功归因于能力的程度高于失败归因于缺乏能力的程度；（b）失败归因于缺乏努力的程度高于成功归因于努力的程度；（c）失败更多地归因于运气不好，而成功归因于运气好的程度则较低。未发现对任务归因有影响。讨论了归因理论对智障成年人在成就相关情境中动机的解释的研究意义。
