Försterling Friedrich, Preikschas Sandra, Agthe Maria
Department Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007 May;92(5):775-88. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.775.
Female and male participants (in their early 20s) attributed the success of same-aged (Study 1A-1C) male and female stimulus persons of varying attractiveness to ability, effort, luck, and looks. Consistent with the evolutionary prediction that mating motivation and intrasexual competition determine achievement ascriptions, female participants explained the success of attractive women with luck more and with ability less (i.e., in a derogative way) than they explained the success of less attractive female stimulus persons. However, when the stimulus person was male, women attributed his success to ability more and to luck less (i.e., glorifying) when he was attractive than when he was unattractive. Male participants made derogative attributions for attractive male stimulus persons and unattractive female stimulus persons and glorifying ascriptions for unattractive male stimulus persons and attractive female stimulus persons. We label this pattern of findings sexual attribution bias. The bias disappeared when prepuberty stimulus persons were used as targets (Study 2) and reversed for gay men (Study 3).
年轻女性和男性参与者（20岁出头）将不同吸引力的同龄（研究1A - 1C）男性和女性刺激对象的成功归因于能力、努力、运气和外貌。与交配动机和同性竞争决定成就归因的进化预测一致，女性参与者用运气更多、能力更少（即以贬低的方式）来解释有吸引力女性的成功，相比她们对吸引力较低的女性刺激对象的成功解释。然而，当刺激对象是男性时，女性认为有吸引力的男性比无吸引力的男性成功更多归因于能力、更少归因于运气（即赞美）。男性参与者对有吸引力的男性刺激对象和无吸引力的女性刺激对象做出贬低性归因，对无吸引力的男性刺激对象和有吸引力的女性刺激对象做出赞美性归因。我们将这种研究结果模式称为性别归因偏差。当使用青春期前的刺激对象作为目标时，这种偏差消失了（研究2），而男同性恋者的情况则相反（研究3）。
