Moyers S, Bailey L B
University of Florida, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Gainesville 32611, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2001 Jul;59(7):215-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb07013.x.
Although a reduction in incidence of neural tube defects is unequivocally linked to adequate folate status, evidence is also mounting associating folate with other fetal malformations. The emerging discoveries about single nucleotide polymorphisms have given new insight into folate biochemistry, enabling more precise understanding of how genetic variations influence folate-dependent pathways in embryogenesis. Findings suggest that folate status may be partly under genetic control, and may involve a "cocktail effect" resulting from interactions among genes, nutrients, and enzymes. Despite major laboratory advances, much of the human evidence comes from observational studies, and questions linger that cannot be definitively answered without randomized clinical trials.
尽管神经管缺陷发病率的降低与充足的叶酸状态明确相关，但越来越多的证据也表明叶酸与其他胎儿畸形有关。关于单核苷酸多态性的新发现为叶酸生物化学提供了新的见解，使人们能够更精确地了解基因变异如何影响胚胎发育中叶酸依赖的途径。研究结果表明，叶酸状态可能部分受基因控制，可能涉及基因、营养素和酶之间相互作用产生的“鸡尾酒效应”。尽管实验室取得了重大进展，但许多人体证据来自观察性研究，一些问题仍然存在，没有随机临床试验就无法得到明确答案。
