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亚伯拉罕·林肯的蓝色药丸。我们的第16任总统是否患有汞中毒?

Abraham Lincoln's blue pills. Did our 16th president suffer from mercury poisoning?

作者信息

Hirschhorn N, Feldman R G, Greaves I A

机构信息

Boston University School of Medicine, USA.

出版信息

Perspect Biol Med. 2001 Summer;44(3):315-32. doi: 10.1353/pbm.2001.0048.

Abstract

It is well known that Abraham Lincoln took a medicine called "blue mass" or "blue pill," commonly prescribed in the 19th century. What is now hardly known is that the main ingredient of blue mass was finely dispersed elemental mercury. As his friends understood, mercury was often prescribed for melancholy or "hypochondriasis," a condition Lincoln famously endured. Mercury in the form of the blue pill is a potential neurotoxin, which we have demonstrated by recreating and testing the recipe. We present the testimony of many of Lincoln's contemporaries to suggest that Lincoln suffered the neurobehavioural consequences of mercury intoxication but, perhaps crucial to history, before the main years of his presidency; he was astute enough to recognize the effects and stop the medication soon after his inauguration.

摘要

众所周知,亚伯拉罕·林肯服用过一种名为“蓝丸”的药物,这在19世纪是常用处方药。而现在鲜为人知的是,蓝丸的主要成分是细微分散的元素汞。正如他的朋友们所了解的,汞常用于治疗忧郁症或“疑病症”,林肯就曾饱受这种疾病的折磨。我们通过重现并测试蓝丸配方证明,呈丸剂形式的汞是一种潜在的神经毒素。我们展示了许多与林肯同时代人的证词,以表明林肯遭受了汞中毒的神经行为后果,但或许对历史而言至关重要的是,这发生在他担任总统的主要年份之前;他足够敏锐地意识到了这些影响,并在就职后不久就停止了用药。

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