Modigliani V, Bernstein D, Govorkov S
Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2001 Jun;108(1):35-51. doi: 10.1016/s0001-6918(00)00070-6.
Two-letter stimuli, consisting of one small letter inside a much larger one (in Experiments 1A, 1B, and 2) or inside a "blob" (in Experiment 3), were used to examine the role of size difference in global/local tasks. The small letter was placed at locations that avoided contour interactions. The results showed no identity interference, in that the specific identity of the large letter did not differentially affect identification of the small one. However, there was evidence of global advantage, in that the presence of a large letter hindered identification of the small one. The magnitude of the global advantage effect, as measured by the difference in performance between the small-single and small-embedded conditions, was largest (about 200 ms reaction time (RT) difference) when the large letters were the same as the small ones, lower (a 63 ms difference in Experiment IB, and 89 ms in Experiment 2) when the large letters were unrelated to the small ones, and lowest (a 25 ms difference) when the large stimuli were blobs. It is proposed that the amount of interference depends on the overlap between the features of the large stimuli, as a set, and those of the small ones, also as a set.
由一个大写字母内包含一个小写字母组成的双字母刺激（在实验1A、1B和2中）或包含在一个“团块”内（在实验3中），被用于检验大小差异在全局/局部任务中的作用。小写字母放置在避免轮廓相互作用的位置。结果显示不存在身份干扰，即大写字母的具体身份不会对小写字母的识别产生差异影响。然而，有证据表明存在全局优势，即大写字母的存在会阻碍小写字母的识别。当大写字母与小写字母相同时，全局优势效应的大小（通过小单一条件和小嵌入条件下的表现差异来衡量）最大（反应时间（RT）差异约为200毫秒）；当大写字母与小写字母不相关时，该效应较低（实验1B中差异为63毫秒，实验2中为89毫秒）；当大刺激是团块时，该效应最低（差异为25毫秒）。有人提出，干扰量取决于作为一组的大刺激特征与作为一组的小刺激特征之间的重叠程度。
