Durand M, Rusch P, Granjon D, Chantrel G, Prades J M, Dubois F, Esteve D, Pouget J F, Martin C
Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, CHU Saint-Etienne, France.
J Aerosol Med. 2001 Spring;14(1):83-93. doi: 10.1089/08942680152007936.
In spite of the widespread use of aerosols in respiratory diseases, very few studies have been performed in the field of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders. The conditions for penetration of aerosols inside the sinus cavities are thus still not understood fully. The aim of this study was to investigate the penetration of aerosols inside maxillary sinuses in vitro, using plastinated models. Three plastinated specimens of the nose and sinuses were made from three different corpses. These specimens were validated by CT scans and were used to study deposition of aerosol in the maxillary sinuses. We performed scintigraphic images of the models in above, face, and profile views using a technetium (99mTc)-labelled solution to show aerosol deposition. We also counted the radioactivity deposited on gauze compresses placed inside the maxillary sinuses. In addition, we constructed a measuring unit with miniature humidity sensors placed inside the sinuses. We recorded the changes in relative humidity observed during nebulization. Results from these studies showed that scintigraphic images of the specimen, whatever the incidence of the views, were not accurate enough to differentiate the aerosol deposition in the maxillary sinuses from that in the nasal cavity. Using indirect counting on gauze compresses made possible the quantification of local aerosol deposition, and we found that aerosols entered into the sinuses. This confirmed that aerosols could reach the middle meatus, which is the main area for sinusitis disorders. The increased activity compared to background varied from 17 to 127%. The humidity sensors recorded changes in relative humidity during the nebulization. These humidity changes fitted a nonlinear model represented by the equation: y = b0 (1 - e(-b1t)), where b0 is the plateau and b1 is the speed to reach the plateau. These techniques may be useful in the future for in vitro characterization of aerosol penetration into the maxillary sinuses.
尽管气雾剂在呼吸系统疾病中广泛应用，但在耳鼻喉（ENT）疾病领域进行的研究却很少。因此，气雾剂在鼻窦腔内的渗透条件仍未完全了解。本研究的目的是使用塑化模型在体外研究气雾剂在上颌窦内的渗透情况。从三具不同尸体制作了三个鼻和鼻窦的塑化标本。这些标本通过CT扫描进行了验证，并用于研究气雾剂在上颌窦内的沉积情况。我们使用锝（99mTc）标记溶液对模型进行了正位、面部和侧位的闪烁图像检查，以显示气雾剂的沉积情况。我们还对放置在上颌窦内的纱布敷料上沉积的放射性进行了计数。此外，我们构建了一个带有微型湿度传感器的测量装置，将其放置在鼻窦内。我们记录了雾化过程中观察到的相对湿度变化。这些研究结果表明，无论视图的入射角如何，标本的闪烁图像都不够准确，无法区分上颌窦内与鼻腔内的气雾剂沉积情况。通过对纱布敷料进行间接计数能够对局部气雾剂沉积进行量化，我们发现气雾剂进入了鼻窦。这证实了气雾剂可以到达中鼻道，而中鼻道是鼻窦炎疾病的主要区域。与背景相比，活性增加幅度在17%至127%之间。湿度传感器记录了雾化过程中的相对湿度变化。这些湿度变化符合由方程y = b0 (1 - e(-b1t))表示的非线性模型，其中b0是平台值，b1是达到平台值的速度。这些技术未来可能有助于体外表征气雾剂对上颌窦的渗透情况。
