Hunt G P, Laidler K J
Institute for Scientific Analysis, Alameda, California, USA.
Alcohol Res Health. 2001;25(1):66-71.
Life within a gang includes two endemic features: violence and alcohol. Yet, to date, most researchers studying gang behavior have focused on violence and its relationship to illicit drugs, largely neglecting the importance of alcohol in gang life. Because alcohol is an integral and regular part of socializing within gang life, drinking works as a social lubricant, or social glue, to maintain not only the cohesion and social solidarity of the gang, but also to affirm masculinity and male togetherness. In addition to its role as a cohesive mechanism, particular drinking styles within gangs may operate, as with other social groups, as a mechanism to maintain group boundaries, thereby demarcating one gang from another. Other examples of internal gang violent activities associated with drinking include fighting between members because of rivalries, tensions, or notions of honor or respect. At a more symbolic level, drinking is associated with two important ritual events in gang life: initiation, or "jumping in,"and funerals. By better understanding the link between drinking and violence among youth gangs, steps can be taken to determine the social processes that occur in the development of violent behavior after drinking.
暴力和酗酒。然而，迄今为止，大多数研究帮派行为的学者都将重点放在暴力以及暴力与非法毒品的关系上，很大程度上忽视了酗酒在帮派生活中的重要性。由于酗酒是帮派生活社交活动中不可或缺且经常出现的一部分，饮酒起到了社会润滑剂或社会黏合剂的作用，不仅能维持帮派的凝聚力和社会团结，还能强化男子气概和男性间的亲密感。除了作为一种凝聚机制外，与其他社会群体一样，帮派内特定的饮酒方式可能还起到了维持群体界限的作用，从而区分不同帮派。与饮酒相关的帮派内部暴力活动的其他例子包括成员间因竞争、紧张关系或荣誉或尊重观念而引发的争斗。在更具象征意义的层面上，饮酒与帮派生活中的两个重要仪式活动相关：入会仪式，即“入伙”，以及葬礼。通过更好地理解青年帮派中饮酒与暴力之间的联系，可以采取措施确定饮酒后暴力行为发展过程中所发生的社会过程。
