Lorenzi M, Gerhardinger C
Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Diabetologia. 2001 Jul;44(7):791-804. doi: 10.1007/s001250100544.
For several decades the pathobiology of diabetic retinopathy has been the object of conjecture and hypotheses. Indeed, very little was known about the cellular events triggered by diabetes in the retina and about the processes underlying the microangiopathy. In the last few years there has been a concerted effort to acquire such information, and the work has targeted not just the retinal vessels but more comprehensively the retina. The picture emerging is one of multiplicity: multiple cell types in the retina are affected early by diabetes and multiple processes are operative in the microangiopathy. The main abnormalities captured to date are altered expression of several genes, apoptosis, microthrombosis, and proinflammatory changes. The new information needs to be integrated into temporal and mechanistic sequences and further expanded but it is beginning to provide a framework for the cellular dimension of diabetic retinopathy.
几十年来，糖尿病视网膜病变的病理生物学一直是推测和假设的对象。事实上，人们对糖尿病在视网膜中引发的细胞事件以及微血管病变背后的过程知之甚少。在过去几年中，人们齐心协力获取此类信息，研究工作不仅针对视网膜血管，而且更全面地针对视网膜。目前呈现出的情况是具有多样性：视网膜中的多种细胞类型早期就受到糖尿病影响，微血管病变中有多种过程在起作用。迄今为止所发现的主要异常包括几种基因的表达改变、细胞凋亡、微血栓形成和促炎变化。这些新信息需要整合到时间和机制序列中并进一步扩展，但它已开始为糖尿病视网膜病变的细胞层面提供一个框架。
