对自我报告的冲动中感知到的药物使用机会的影响的综述。
A review of the effects of perceived drug use opportunity of self-reported urge.
作者信息
Wertz J M, Sayette M A
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
出版信息
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001 Feb;9(1):3-13. doi: 10.1037/1064-1297.9.1.3.
Although persons addicted to drugs reliably report experiencing cravings or urges during drug cue exposure, less is known about factors that may moderate this effect. This article reviews cue exposure studies with people who smoke, are dependent on alcohol, or are addicted to cocaine or opiates. Perceived drug use opportunity is found to affect urge ratings. Specifically, people who are addicted to substances and who perceive an opportunity to consume their drug of choice report higher urges than do those who do not anticipate being able to use the drug. This factor was proposed to explain why those in treatment for substance dependence report urges that are about half the strength of those in nontreatment settings. The impact of perceived drug use opportunity on urge is considered from a variety of perspectives, including conditioning theories, a cognitive appraisal framework, and motivated reasoning theory. Conceptual and methodological implications of perceived drug use opportunity are addressed.
尽管吸毒成瘾者确实报告称在接触毒品线索时会产生渴望或冲动，但对于可能调节这种效应的因素，我们所知甚少。本文回顾了针对吸烟者、酒精依赖者、可卡因成瘾者或阿片类药物成瘾者的线索暴露研究。研究发现，感知到的吸毒机会会影响冲动评分。具体而言，成瘾者若感知到有机会使用其选择的毒品，其报告的冲动程度高于那些预计无法使用毒品的人。有人提出这一因素可解释为何接受物质依赖治疗的人报告的冲动程度约为未接受治疗者的一半。本文从多种视角探讨了感知到的吸毒机会对冲动的影响，包括条件作用理论、认知评估框架和动机推理理论。文中还阐述了感知到的吸毒机会在概念和方法上的意义。
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