Reaka M L
J Morphol. 1975 May;146(1):55-80. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1051460104.
The description of stages of the molt cycle in mantis shrimp (emphasizing Gonodactylus but compared in a number of Gonodactylidae, Squillidae, and Lysiosquillidae) includes data on texture, hardness, and color of the exoskeleton; behavior; and the micromorphology of the integument and developing setae. After stage A1, when the exoskeleton feels soft and soapy, and A2, when the abdomen attains parchment consistency, the exoskeleton continues to harden until stage C1, when the telson carinae can no longer be depressed with a fingernail. The propodus (C2) and the merus (C3) of the raptorial appendage are the last elements to become rigid. The meral spot achieves indistinct coloration at B1 and distinct but pale coloration at B2; body color continues to intesify until C4. Changes in behavior are particularly marked before and after the molt. After the molt defensive and avoidance behaviors characterize A1 and A2. Threatening increases from low to intense levels in A2 and B1. Striking and offensive behavior increase from weak to normal intensities from B2 to C4. One or two days before the molt, animals lower activity and dominance and feeding levels, exhibit reclusive behavior, and sometimes seal the cavity entrance. The morphology of setagenesis is particularly valuable for determining the stage of the molt after the exoskeleton hardns. The raatio of setae containing cellular contents sthroughout the lumen to those condensed into strands separates stages A2 throught C3...
虾蛄蜕皮周期各阶段的描述（重点是蝉虾属，但也与蝉虾科、虾蛄科和扁虾科的多个物种进行了比较）包括有关外骨骼的质地、硬度和颜色、行为以及体表和发育中的刚毛的微观形态的数据。在A1阶段之后，此时外骨骼摸起来柔软且有滑腻感，以及A2阶段，此时腹部达到羊皮纸般的质地，外骨骼继续硬化，直到C1阶段，此时尾节隆脊用指甲按压不再凹陷。掠肢的掌节（C2）和长节（C3）是最后变硬的部位。长节斑在B1阶段颜色变得不明显，在B2阶段颜色明显但变淡；体色持续加深，直到C4阶段。行为变化在蜕皮前后尤为明显。蜕皮后，防御和回避行为是A1和A2阶段的特征。威胁行为在A2和B1阶段从低强度增加到高强度。攻击行为从B2到C4阶段从弱强度增加到正常强度。在蜕皮前一到两天，动物活动、优势地位和进食水平降低，表现出隐居行为，有时还会封闭洞穴入口。刚毛形成的形态对于确定外骨骼硬化后的蜕皮阶段特别有价值。整个管腔内含有细胞内容物的刚毛与凝聚成束的刚毛的比例区分了A2到C3阶段……
