Gago-Dominguez M, Yuan J M, Castelao J E, Ross R K, Yu M C
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033-0800, USA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001 Sep;10(9):1001-4.
Few analytical epidemiological studies have investigated family history (FH) of urinary tract cancers as a potential risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A population-based case-control study involving 550 non-Asian RCC patients 25 to 74 years of age and an equal number of sex-, age-, and race-matched neighborhood controls was conducted in Los Angeles, California. Detailed information on FH of cancer, medical and medication histories, and other life-style factors was obtained through in-person interviews. Having a first-degree relative with kidney cancer was associated with a significantly increased risk of RCC [odds ratio (OR), 2.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-5.9] after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Having a first and/or second-degree relative with kidney cancer was similarly associated with an increased risk of RCC (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.4-6.3). Risk factors for RCC identified in the Los Angeles study include cigarette smoking, chronic obesity, history of hypertension, regular use of analgesics and amphetamines, intake of cruciferous vegetables (protective), and history of hysterectomy. None of the above risk factor-RCC associations differed significantly between RCC cases with and without a FH of kidney cancer. A FH of urinary tract cancers other than kidney cancer was not associated with RCC risk (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.3-1.7). A FH of nonurinary tract cancers also was unrelated to RCC risk (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9-1.5).
很少有分析性流行病学研究将泌尿系统癌症的家族史（FH）作为肾细胞癌（RCC）的潜在危险因素进行调查。在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶进行了一项基于人群的病例对照研究，该研究纳入了550名年龄在25至74岁之间的非亚裔RCC患者以及数量相等的性别、年龄和种族匹配的社区对照。通过面对面访谈获取了关于癌症家族史、医疗和用药史以及其他生活方式因素的详细信息。在对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，有一位患肾癌的一级亲属与RCC风险显著增加相关[比值比（OR），2.5；95%置信区间（CI），1.04 - 5.9]。有一位和/或二级亲属患肾癌同样与RCC风险增加相关（OR，2.9；95%CI，1.4 - 6.3）。在洛杉矶研究中确定的RCC危险因素包括吸烟、慢性肥胖、高血压病史、经常使用镇痛药和苯丙胺、摄入十字花科蔬菜（有保护作用）以及子宫切除术史。上述任何危险因素与RCC的关联在有和没有肾癌家族史的RCC病例之间均无显著差异。除肾癌外的泌尿系统癌症家族史与RCC风险无关（OR，0.7；95%CI，0.3 - 1.7）。非泌尿系统癌症家族史也与RCC风险无关（OR，1.1；95%CI，0.9 - 1.5）。
