Valentine J W, Tiffney B H, Sepkoski J J
Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.
Palaios. 1991;6:81-8.
Patterns of longevity and rate of appearance of taxa in the fossil record indicate a different evolutionary dynamic between land plants and marine invertebrates. Among marine invertebrates, rates of taxonomic turnover declined through the Phanerozoic, with increasingly extinction-resistant, long-lived, clades coming to dominate. Among terrestrial vascular plants, rates of turnover increased through the Phanerozoic, with short-lived, extinction-prone clades coming to dominate from the Devonian to the present. Terrestrial vertebrates appear to approximate the marine invertebrate pattern more closely than the plant record. We identify two features which individually or jointly may have influenced this distinction. First, land plants continuously invaded stressful environments during their evolution, while marine invertebrates and terrestrial vertebrates did not. Second, the relative structural simplicity and indeterminate mode of plant growth vs. the relative structural complexity and determinate mode of animal growth may have influenced the timing of major clade origin in the two groups.
化石记录中生物分类单元的长寿模式和出现速率表明，陆地植物和海洋无脊椎动物之间存在不同的进化动态。在海洋无脊椎动物中，分类更替速率在显生宙期间下降，具有越来越强抗灭绝能力的长寿类群开始占据主导地位。在陆地维管植物中，更替速率在显生宙期间增加，从泥盆纪到现在，短命且易灭绝的类群开始占据主导地位。陆地脊椎动物的模式似乎比植物记录更接近海洋无脊椎动物的模式。我们确定了两个单独或共同可能影响这种差异的特征。第一，陆地植物在其进化过程中不断侵入压力环境，而海洋无脊椎动物和陆地脊椎动物则没有。第二，植物生长的相对结构简单性和不定模式与动物生长的相对结构复杂性和确定模式可能影响了这两组主要类群起源的时间。
