Irvine W M
Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.
Adv Space Res. 1995 Mar;15(3):35-43. doi: 10.1016/s0273-1177(99)80061-1.
Since a previous COSPAR review on this subject, the number of molecular species identified by astronomers in dense interstellar clouds or in the envelopes expelled by evolved stars has grown from about eighty to approximately one hundred. Recent detections in stellar envelopes include the radical CP, the second phosphorus-containing astronomical molecule; SiN, the first astronomical molecule with a Si-N bond; and the HCCN radical. In the dense interstellar clouds recent detections or verifications of previous possible identifications include the H3O+ ion, which is a critical intermediary in the production of H2O and O2; the CCO radical, which is isoelectronic with HCCN; the SO+ ion, which appears to be diagnostic of shock chemistry; two new isomers of cyanoacetylene, HCCNC and CCCNH; and the two cumulenes H2C3 and H2C4. Some recent work is also described on the mapping of interstellar clouds in multiple molecular transitions in order to separate variations in chemical abundance from gradients in physical parameters.
自从COSPAR上次对该主题进行审查以来，天文学家在致密星际云或演化恒星抛出的包层中识别出的分子种类数量已从约80种增加到了约100种。近期在恒星包层中的探测包括自由基CP（第二种含磷的天文分子）、SiN（第一种含有Si-N键的天文分子）以及HCCN自由基。在致密星际云中，近期对先前可能识别的分子的探测或验证包括H3O+离子（它是H2O和O2产生过程中的关键中间体）、与HCCN等电子的CCO自由基、似乎可诊断激波化学的SO+离子、氰基乙炔的两种新异构体HCCNC和CCCNH，以及两种累积烯H2C3和H2C4。还介绍了一些近期关于在多个分子跃迁中绘制星际云图的工作，以便将化学丰度的变化与物理参数的梯度区分开来。
