Schimmerling W, Wilson J W, Nealy J E, Thibeault S A, Cucinotta F A, Shinn J L, Kim M, Kiefer R
University Space Research Association, Washington, DC 20024, USA.
Adv Space Res. 1996;17(2):31-6. doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00509-d.
Ions of galactic origin are modified but not attenuated by the presence of shielding materials. Indeed, the number of particles and the absorbed energy behind most shield materials increases as a function of shield thickness. The modification of the galactic cosmic ray composition upon interaction with shielding is the only effective means of providing astronaut protection. This modification is intimately connected with the shield transport properties and is a strong function of shield composition. The systematic behavior of the shield properties in terms of microscopic energy absorption events will be discussed. The shield effectiveness is examined with respect to conventional protection practice and in terms of a biological endpoint: the efficiency for reduction of the probability of transformation of shielded C3H10T1/2 mouse cells. The relative advantage of developing new shielding technologies is discussed in terms of a shield performance as related to biological effect and the resulting uncertainty in estimating astronaut risk.
银河系起源的离子会因屏蔽材料的存在而发生改变，但不会被衰减。实际上，大多数屏蔽材料后面的粒子数量和吸收的能量会随着屏蔽厚度的增加而增加。银河系宇宙射线成分在与屏蔽相互作用时的改变是为宇航员提供保护的唯一有效手段。这种改变与屏蔽传输特性密切相关，并且是屏蔽成分的强函数。将讨论屏蔽特性在微观能量吸收事件方面的系统行为。从传统防护实践以及生物学终点的角度来检验屏蔽效果：降低被屏蔽的C3H10T1/2小鼠细胞转化概率的效率。根据与生物学效应相关的屏蔽性能以及由此在估计宇航员风险时产生的不确定性，讨论了开发新屏蔽技术的相对优势。
