Pokorny R A, Hall E P, Gallaway M A, Dibble E
Armstrong Laboratory, Human Resources Directorate, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas, USA.
Mil Psychol. 1996;8(3):161-77. doi: 10.1207/s15327876mp0803_3.
A method is described in which work sample data were analyzed to reveal how aircraft maintenance technicians differed in troubleshooting performance after a training intervention. During the training phase of the study, approximately half the technicians received troubleshooting instruction from an intelligent tutoring system, and the remaining technicians received informal on-the-job training. Data from work samples, in which technicians verbally isolated simulated equipment failures, were collected from both groups before and after the training. The work sample data were then examined by subject matter experts who scored performance for overall proficiency and noted specific violations of good troubleshooting practice. These violations provided the basis for the components of performance examined in the work sample data. The results of this componential analysis allow more specific conclusions to be drawn regarding the effectiveness of the training intervention by revealing how the tutoring system improved technicians' troubleshooting (e.g., tutored technicians were more likely than untutored technicians to test components thoroughly to ensure they were faulty before replacing them).
本文描述了一种方法，即分析工作样本数据，以揭示在经过培训干预后，飞机维修技术人员在故障排除表现上的差异。在研究的培训阶段，大约一半的技术人员接受了智能辅导系统的故障排除指导，其余技术人员接受了非正式的在职培训。在培训前后，从两组人员那里收集了工作样本数据，在这些工作样本中，技术人员通过口头方式找出模拟设备故障。然后，由主题专家检查工作样本数据，这些专家对整体熟练程度进行评分，并记录违反良好故障排除实践的具体情况。这些违规行为为工作样本数据中所考察的绩效组成部分提供了依据。这种成分分析的结果通过揭示辅导系统如何提高技术人员的故障排除能力（例如，接受辅导的技术人员比未接受辅导的技术人员更有可能在更换部件之前彻底测试部件以确保其有故障），从而能够就培训干预的有效性得出更具体的结论。
