Galston A W
Dept. of Biol., Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
Acta Univ Agric Fac Agron. 1985;33(3):115-9.
Putrescine, spermidine and spermine are polyamines found in all eukaryotic cells. At cellular pH's they are cations, being attached to polyanions such as DNA, RNA and phospholipids. Some PAS are conjugated with phenolic acids. Massive polyamine biosynthesis precedes DNA biosynthesis, and cells deprived of polyamines are locked into the G1 stage of the cell cycle. In plants, polyamines can affect rates of growth, the nature of differentiation, and patterns of senescence. Polyamine titers are influenced by light, hormones and environmental stresses, which generally increase arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity. Stress stimuli lead to massive putrescine accumulation. Some phytopathogenic fungi have only one pathway to putrescine formation, via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) while higher plants have both ODC and ADC. Since specific inhibition of the ODC pathway can be accomplished chemically, some plant diseases can be prevented without adverse effects on the host plant.
腐胺、亚精胺和精胺是在所有真核细胞中都能找到的多胺。在细胞pH值下，它们是阳离子，与DNA、RNA和磷脂等多阴离子结合。一些多胺与酚酸结合。大量的多胺生物合成先于DNA生物合成，缺乏多胺的细胞会被锁定在细胞周期的G1期。在植物中，多胺可以影响生长速率、分化性质和衰老模式。多胺滴度受光照、激素和环境胁迫的影响，这些因素通常会增加精氨酸脱羧酶（ADC）的活性。胁迫刺激会导致大量腐胺积累。一些植物病原真菌只有一条通过鸟氨酸脱羧酶（ODC）形成腐胺的途径，而高等植物同时具有ODC和ADC。由于可以通过化学方法特异性抑制ODC途径，因此可以预防一些植物病害，而对寄主植物没有不利影响。
