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陨石中的复杂有机物。

Complex organics in meteorites.

作者信息

Shimoyama A

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.

出版信息

Adv Space Res. 1997;19(7):1045-52. doi: 10.1016/s0273-1177(97)00351-7.

Abstract

Complex macromolecular organic matter is present in carbonaceous chondrites as the most abundant organic matter and may be present in interstellar dusts and comets. With this view, our studies of the complex organic matter isolated from six CM2 chondrites, namely Yamato-74662, Yamato-791198, Yamato-793321, Yamato-86720, Belgica-7904, and Murchison are introduced and discussed in the text. The complex organic matter is acid-insoluble and organic solvent-insoluble, and therefore, it was examined by heating experiments to obtain information on its chemical constituents and characteristics. Three chondrites, Yamato-74662, Yamato-791198, and Murchison which have solvent-extractable organic compounds, such as amino acids, carboxylic acid, hydrocarbons, etc. possess thermally labile organic fraction in the complex organic matter. Organic compounds detected in the pyrolyzate of the complex organic matter number over 130 of which aromatic hydrocarbons are dominant. They appeared around 300 degrees C, and disappeared at about 600 degrees C with a maximum at 400-500 degrees C during the heating. On the other hand, the other three chondrites do not have the extractable organic compounds nor a thermally labile organic fraction. The presence or absence of the fraction in the complex organic matter likely indicates the presence or absence of the solvent-extractable organic compounds and relates to thermal history of the chondrite.

摘要

复杂的大分子有机物作为最丰富的有机物存在于碳质球粒陨石中,也可能存在于星际尘埃和彗星中。基于此观点,本文介绍并讨论了我们对从六颗CM2球粒陨石(即大和-74662、大和-791198、大和-793321、大和-86720、比利时-7904和默奇森陨石)中分离出的复杂有机物的研究。这种复杂有机物不溶于酸和有机溶剂,因此通过加热实验对其进行研究,以获取有关其化学成分和特性的信息。三颗球粒陨石,即大和-74662、大和-791198和默奇森陨石,含有可被溶剂萃取的有机化合物,如氨基酸、羧酸、碳氢化合物等,其复杂有机物中具有热不稳定有机组分。在复杂有机物的热解产物中检测到的有机化合物超过130种,其中以芳烃为主。它们在约300℃出现,在加热过程中于约600℃消失,在400 - 500℃达到最大值。另一方面,另外三颗球粒陨石既没有可萃取的有机化合物,也没有热不稳定有机组分。复杂有机物中该组分的有无可能表明可被溶剂萃取的有机化合物的有无,并与球粒陨石的热历史有关。

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