Val'kiunas G, Ezhova T A
Parazitologiia. 2001 Jan-Feb;35(1):27-34.
Peculiarities of geographical distribution and distribution among hosts of the haemosporidian parasites, which cause lethal diseases in poultry, are specified. So far, 11 species of such parasites have been described. This represents about 5% of bird haemosporidian parasites. The haemosporidians cause the lethal epizooties in turkeys, chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons and domesticated ostriches. One species of parasites belongs to the family Haemoproteidae, six--to Plasmodiidae, and four--to Leucocytozoidae. The agents of lethal haemosporidioses have been recorded in domestic birds of the orders Galliformes, Anseriformes, Columbiformes and Struthiorniformes. The majority of these parasites (eight species of 73%) occurs in the galliform birds. Each other order obtaines only one species of parasites. Five species parasitize turkey, which is the main host of the agent of lethal haemosporidioses. The majority of highly virulent haemosporidian species have been recorded throughout a global territory, which includes the Holarctic, Ethiopian and Oriental zoogeorgaphical regions. Three species of these parasites have been found in the Neotropical region, while none species has been recorded in Australia. The majority of highly virulent haemosporidian species have quite clear outlined areas, that is important to know for the prophilactic purposes including the quarantine of bird introducing from endemic territories.
本文详细阐述了引起家禽致命疾病的血孢子虫寄生虫在地理分布及宿主间分布的特点。迄今为止，已描述了11种此类寄生虫。这约占鸟类血孢子虫寄生虫的5%。血孢子虫可在火鸡、鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽子和家养鸵鸟中引发致命的 epizooties。其中一种寄生虫属于血变科，六种属于疟原虫科，四种属于白细胞虫科。致命血孢子虫病的病原体已在家鸡形目、雁形目、鸽形目和鸵鸟目的家禽中被记录。这些寄生虫中的大多数（73%的八种）存在于鸡形目鸟类中。其他每个目仅有一种寄生虫。有五种寄生虫寄生于火鸡，火鸡是致命血孢子虫病病原体的主要宿主。大多数高毒力的血孢子虫物种在包括全北区、埃塞俄比亚区和东洋区在内的全球范围内都有记录。在新热带区发现了其中三种寄生虫，而在澳大利亚未记录到任何物种。大多数高毒力的血孢子虫物种都有相当明确的分布区域，这对于包括对来自疫区鸟类进行检疫在内的预防目的来说非常重要。
