[The role of the military medicine in preparation of the first manned space flight].

The authors summarize some most significant results of investigations and works in the field of cosmic medicine performed in military-and-medical institutions of the USSR during preparation of man's first space flights. It is shown that our first program of medical-and-biological support of piloted space flights--the program "Vostok"--was formed and practically realized with undoubted leading role of military-and-medical institutions together with the USSR Academy of sciences.