Lewis R P, Buschang P H, Throckmorton G S
Department of Orthodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, The Texas A & M University System, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Sep;120(3):294-303. doi: 10.1067/mod.2001.115612.
This study evaluated the sex differences in maximum 3-dimensional opening and closing movements. The sample included 29 men (ages, 23-39 years) and 27 women (ages, 23-35 years), who were selected for normal Class I occlusion, temporomandibular function, and skeletal patterns. Condylar (hinge axis) translation and mandibular incisor movements, were recorded with an optoelectric jaw-tracking system; each participant performed 4 maximum opening/closing cycles. The results showed significant (P <.05) sex differences for incisor opening and closing movements, with most of the differences in the vertical component. Male incisor straight-line distances and curvilinear pathways averaged 52.1 mm and 54.8 mm, respectively. Female straight-line distances and curvilinear pathways averaged 46.0 mm and 48.1 mm, respectively. There were significant (P <.05) sex differences for condylar translation, with most of the differences in the anteroposterior component. Male condyles translated 15.4 to 17.6 mm (straight-line distances) and 20.5 to 20.7 mm (curvilinear pathways); female condyles translated 12.4 to 12.7 mm (straight-line distances) and 16.2 to 17.9 mm (curvilinear pathways). Mandibular length accounted for some of the sex difference in interincisal opening and for most of the sex differences in condylar translation. Closing movements showed the same pattern of sex differences as opening movements. Mandibular opening rotation was approximately 4 degrees larger in men than in women. The shapes of the condylar opening and closing pathways also differed significantly between men and women. For both sexes, condylar translation did not correlate with incisor opening or closing movements. It was concluded that (1) significant sex differences exist in incisor opening movements that are independent of mandibular size, (2) sex differences in condylar translation are dependent on mandibular size, (3) incisor opening movements should not be used as an indicator of condylar translation, and (4) sex differences in the shapes of the condylar pathways indicate sex differences in articular eminence morphologic features.
本研究评估了最大三维开合运动中的性别差异。样本包括29名男性（年龄23 - 39岁）和27名女性（年龄23 - 35岁），他们因具有正常的I类咬合、颞下颌功能和骨骼形态而被选取。使用光电下颌追踪系统记录髁突（铰链轴）平移和下颌切牙运动；每位参与者进行4次最大开合循环。结果显示，切牙开合运动存在显著（P <.05）的性别差异，大部分差异体现在垂直分量上。男性切牙的直线距离和曲线路径平均分别为52.1毫米和54.8毫米。女性的直线距离和曲线路径平均分别为46.0毫米和48.1毫米。髁突平移存在显著（P <.05）的性别差异，大部分差异体现在前后分量上。男性髁突平移15.4至17.6毫米（直线距离）和20.5至20.7毫米（曲线路径）；女性髁突平移12.4至12.7毫米（直线距离）和16.2至17.9毫米（曲线路径）。下颌长度在切牙间开口的性别差异中占部分比例，在髁突平移的性别差异中占大部分比例。闭合运动显示出与开口运动相同的性别差异模式。男性下颌开口旋转比女性大约大4度。男性和女性髁突开合路径的形状也存在显著差异。对于两性而言，髁突平移与切牙开合运动均无相关性。研究得出结论：（1）切牙开口运动存在显著的性别差异，且与下颌大小无关；（2）髁突平移的性别差异取决于下颌大小；（3）切牙开口运动不应被用作髁突平移的指标；（4）髁突路径形状的性别差异表明关节结节形态特征存在性别差异。
