Davis A P, Shokouhian M, Sharma H, Minami C
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Water Environ Res. 2001 Jan-Feb;73(1):5-14. doi: 10.2175/106143001x138624.
Urban stormwater runoff contains a broad range of pollutants that are transported to natural water systems. A practice known as biological retention (bioretention) has been suggested to manage stormwater runoff from small, developed areas. Bioretention facilities consist of porous soil, a topping layer of hardwood mulch, and a variety of different plant species. A detailed study of the characteristics and performance of bioretention systems for the removal of several heavy metals (copper, lead, and zinc) and nutrients (phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen [TKN], ammonium, and nitrate) from a synthetic urban stormwater runoff was completed using batch and column adsorption studies along with pilot-scale laboratory systems. The roles of the soil, mulch, and plants in the removal of heavy metals and nutrients were evaluated to estimate the treatment capacity of laboratory bioretention systems. Reductions in concentrations of all metals were excellent (> 90%) with specific metal removals of 15 to 145 mg/m2 per event. Moderate reductions of TKN, ammonium, and phosphorus levels were found (60 to 80%). Little nitrate was removed, and nitrate production was noted in several cases. The importance of the mulch layer in metal removal was identified. Overall results support the use of bioretention as a stormwater best management practice and indicate the need for further research and development.
城市雨水径流含有多种污染物，这些污染物会被输送到天然水系统中。一种名为生物滞留（生物滤池）的做法已被建议用于管理小型开发区的雨水径流。生物滞留设施由多孔土壤、硬木覆盖物顶层和多种不同植物物种组成。通过批次和柱吸附研究以及中试规模的实验室系统，完成了一项关于生物滞留系统从合成城市雨水径流中去除几种重金属（铜、铅和锌）和营养物质（磷、凯氏氮总量[TKN]、铵和硝酸盐）的特性和性能的详细研究。评估了土壤、覆盖物和植物在去除重金属和营养物质方面的作用，以估计实验室生物滞留系统的处理能力。所有金属的浓度降低效果都非常好（>90%），每次事件中特定金属的去除量为15至145毫克/平方米。发现TKN、铵和磷水平有适度降低（60至80%）。硝酸盐去除很少，并且在一些情况下还发现了硝酸盐的产生。确定了覆盖层在金属去除中的重要性。总体结果支持将生物滞留作为雨水最佳管理实践，并表明需要进一步研究和开发。
