River Engineering and Urban Drainage Research Centre (REDAC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
Discipline of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 May;26(15):14904-14919. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05041-0. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
Bioretention systems have been implemented as stormwater best management practices (BMPs) worldwide to treat non-point sources pollution. Due to insufficient research, the design guidelines for bioretention systems in tropical countries are modeled after those of temperate countries. However, climatic factors and stormwater runoff characteristics are the two key factors affecting the capacity of bioretention system. This paper reviews and compares the stormwater runoff characteristics, bioretention components, pollutant removal requirements, and applications of bioretention systems in temperate and tropical countries. Suggestions are given for bioretention components in the tropics, including elimination of mulch layer and submerged zone. More research is required to identify suitable additives for filter media, study tropical shrubs application while avoiding using grass and sedges, explore function of soil faunas, and adopt final discharged pollutants concentration (mg/L) on top of percentage removal (%) in bioretention design guidelines.
生物滞留系统已被用作世界各地雨水最佳管理实践 (BMP)，以处理非点源污染。由于研究不足，热带国家的生物滞留系统设计指南是仿照温带国家的指南制定的。然而，气候因素和雨水径流水文特征是影响生物滞留系统能力的两个关键因素。本文综述并比较了温带和热带国家的雨水径流水文特征、生物滞留组件、污染物去除要求和生物滞留系统的应用。针对热带地区的生物滞留组件提出了建议，包括去除覆盖层和淹没区。需要开展更多研究，以确定适合过滤介质的添加剂，研究热带灌木的应用，同时避免使用草和莎草，探讨土壤动物区系的功能，并在生物滞留设计指南中采用最终排放污染物浓度 (mg/L) 代替去除率 (%)。
