Shimada S D, Cooper R A, Boninger M L, Koontz A M, Corfman T A
Biomechanics Consulting, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2001 Sep;9(3):274-82. doi: 10.1109/7333.948455.
Due to the high incidence of secondary wrist injury among manual wheelchair users, recent emphasis has been placed on the investigation of wheelchair propulsion biomechanics. Accurate representation of wrist activity during wheelchair propulsion may help to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to the development of wrist injuries. Unfortunately, no consensual wrist biomechanical model has been established. In order to determine if different methodologies obtain similar results, this investigation created and compared three different wrist models: 1) a fixed joint center placed between the styloids (midstyloid joint center); 2) a joint center with 2 degrees of freedom computed from de Leva's joint center data; and 3) a floating joint center. Results indicate that wrist flexion and extension angles are highly consistent between models, however, radial and ulnar deviation angles vary considerably. Mean maximum right flexion angles were found to be 3.5 degrees, 2.2 degrees, and 5.0 degrees for the midstyloid, de Leva, and floating joint center models, respectively. Extension angles were 22.3 degrees, 23.6 degrees, and 23.6 degrees, respectively. Mean maximum right radial deviation angles for the midstyloid, de Leva, and floating joint center models were 26.0 degrees, 26.9 degrees, and 45.1 degrees, respectively, and ulnar deviation angles were found to be 30.5 degrees, 38.8 degrees, and 10.2 degrees, respectively. This information is useful when comparing kinematic studies and further supports the need for consensual methodology.
由于手动轮椅使用者继发性手腕损伤的发生率较高，近期人们将重点放在了轮椅推进生物力学的研究上。准确呈现轮椅推进过程中的手腕活动，可能有助于阐明导致手腕损伤的机制。遗憾的是，尚未建立一致认可的手腕生物力学模型。为了确定不同方法是否能得到相似结果，本研究创建并比较了三种不同的手腕模型：1）位于茎突之间的固定关节中心（茎突中点关节中心）；2）根据德·莱瓦关节中心数据计算得出的具有两个自由度的关节中心；3）浮动关节中心。结果表明，各模型之间手腕的屈伸角度高度一致，然而，桡偏和尺偏角度差异较大。茎突中点、德·莱瓦和浮动关节中心模型的平均最大右屈角度分别为3.5度、2.2度和5.0度。伸展角度分别为22.3度、23.6度和23.6度。茎突中点、德·莱瓦和浮动关节中心模型的平均最大右桡偏角度分别为26.0度、26.9度和45.1度，尺偏角度分别为30.5度、38.8度和10.2度。在比较运动学研究时，这些信息很有用，并进一步支持了采用一致认可方法的必要性。
