拖网捕捞与宽吻海豚的社会结构。
Trawling and bottlenose dolphins' social structure.
作者信息
Chilvers B L, Corkeron P J
机构信息
School of Tropical Environment Studies and Geography, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
出版信息
Proc Biol Sci. 2001 Sep 22;268(1479):1901-5. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1732.
Human activities can affect the behaviour of mammals through the modification of habitats, changes in predation pressure or alterations in food distribution and availability. We analysed the association and ranging patterns of 242 individually identified bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in eastern Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, and distinguished two separate communities of dolphins. Unlike bottlenose dolphins elsewhere, the communities' core areas overlapped substantially. There was a correlation between the dolphins' responses to fishing activities and community membership-members of one community feed in association with trawlers and members of the other do not. Apart from feeding mode, the communities differed in habitat preference and group sizes. Inadvertent anthropogenic impacts on animals' societies are likely to be far more widespread than just this study and can increase conservation challenges. In this instance, managers need to consider the two communities' differing habitat requirements and their behavioural traditions in conservation planning.
人类活动可通过改变栖息地、改变捕食压力或改变食物分布与可获取性来影响哺乳动物的行为。我们分析了澳大利亚昆士兰州莫顿湾东部242头个体识别的宽吻海豚（Tursiops aduncus）的关联和活动范围模式，并区分出两个独立的海豚群落。与其他地方的宽吻海豚不同，这两个群落的核心区域有很大重叠。海豚对捕鱼活动的反应与群落成员身份之间存在关联——一个群落的成员会与拖网渔船一起觅食，而另一个群落的成员则不会。除了觅食方式，这两个群落在栖息地偏好和群体规模上也有所不同。人为因素对动物群落的无意影响可能远比本研究所揭示的更为广泛，并且会增加保护工作的挑战。在这种情况下，管理者在保护规划中需要考虑这两个群落不同的栖息地需求及其行为传统。
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