Pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in patients with bipolar disorder.

The pharmacokinetics of valproic acid (VPA) were studied in nine patients with bipolar disorder who were receiving VPA as prophylactic therapy, following the full daily dose (400-1500 mg), on which the patients had been maintained for at least the past 3 months. The data from our study showed that the pharmacokinetics of valproate followed a two compartment open model. A time lag of 1-2 h was observed in each patient, followed by rapid absorption, with the peak concentrations being recorded approximately 4 h after drug administration. The average 12 h trough concentration was found to be 54.73+/-11.96 microg/ml. The plasma level decline was biphasic with a terminal half-life of 14.2+/-6.39 h. Total plasma clearance was 0.095+/-0.035 ml/min/kg. The steady-state apparent volume of distribution was found to be 0.11+/-0.05 l/kg. A positive correlation (r = 0.69) was found between the dose (mg/kg) and steady-state serum concentration (Css) of VPA and all patients, except one, had their Css above 50 microg/ml. Most of the pharmacokinetic parameters in this study involving euthymic bipolar patients on long-term VPA monotherapy were found to be in agreement with those reported in literature on seizure disorder patients on similar regime; however, the plasma elimination half-life appears to be prolonged in bipolar patients.