Quinson N, Robbins H L, Clark M J, Furness J B
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Arch Histol Cytol. 2001 Aug;64(3):281-94. doi: 10.1679/aohc.64.281.
The locations of cell bodies of sympathetic neurons projecting to the stomach, the duodenum, the ileum, the colon, the spleen and the pancreas have been studied using retrograde tracing. Projections arose from both pre- and paravertebral ganglia. In the rat, the prevertebral ganglia are the paired coeliac ganglia lying caudo-lateral to the root of the coeliac artery, paired splanchnic ganglia in the abdominal segments of the greater splanchnic nerves, unpaired superior mesenteric and inter-renal ganglia and the inferior mesenteric ganglia. The projections from the prevertebral sympathetic ganglia to the different parts of the gut were organised somatotopically. The most rostral ganglia (splanchnic, coeliac, and superior mesenteric ganglia) contained neurons innervating all regions of the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas and the spleen. The inter-renal and inferior mesenteric ganglia, located more caudally, contained neurons innervating the distal part of the gut (distal ileum and colon). The innervation of the spleen and the pancreas came from the closest ganglia (sympathetic chains, splanchnic and coeliac ganglia). This organotopic organisation was not found in the sympathetic chain ganglia; the innervation of all organs came predominantly from the lower part of the thoracic chains. A large proportion of the retrogradely labelled nerve cells in the splanchnic ganglia received nitric oxide synthase immunoreactive innervation probably from the spinal cord. In the other prevertebral ganglia, most of the neurons received nitric oxide synthase immunoreactive innervation and/or bombesin immunoreactive innervation. This leads to the conclusion that, in these ganglia, many neurons receive projections from the gastrointestinal tract in addition to the spinal cord.
利用逆行追踪法研究了投射至胃、十二指肠、回肠、结肠、脾脏和胰腺的交感神经元细胞体的位置。投射起源于椎前和椎旁神经节。在大鼠中，椎前神经节包括位于腹腔动脉根部尾外侧的成对腹腔神经节、内脏大神经腹段的成对内脏神经节、不成对的肠系膜上神经节和肾间神经节以及肠系膜下神经节。椎前交感神经节向肠道不同部位的投射呈躯体定位分布。最靠前的神经节（内脏神经节、腹腔神经节和肠系膜上神经节）含有支配胃肠道所有区域、胰腺和脾脏的神经元。位于更靠后的肾间神经节和肠系膜下神经节含有支配肠道远端（回肠远端和结肠）的神经元。脾脏和胰腺的神经支配来自最邻近的神经节（交感神经链、内脏神经节和腹腔神经节）。在交感神经链神经节中未发现这种器官定位组织；所有器官的神经支配主要来自胸段神经链的下部。内脏神经节中很大一部分逆行标记的神经细胞接受了可能来自脊髓的一氧化氮合酶免疫反应性神经支配。在其他椎前神经节中，大多数神经元接受一氧化氮合酶免疫反应性神经支配和/或蛙皮素免疫反应性神经支配。由此得出结论，在这些神经节中，许多神经元除了接受脊髓的投射外，还接受来自胃肠道的投射。
