Iannello S, Belfiore F
Institute of Internal Medicine and Internal Specialties, Chair of Internal Medicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy.
Panminerva Med. 2001 Sep;43(3):177-209.
The aim of this paper is to discuss, on the basis of an extensive literature review, the role of magnesium (Mg) in health and disease. Mg is an essential cation playing a crucial role in many enzyme systems. Quantitative Mg body stores are regulated by metabolic and hormonal effects on gastrointestinal absorption and renal excretion. Mg is a smooth muscle relaxant, dilates coronary arteries and peripheral vessels, exerts antiarrhythmic effects, may have a permissive effect on catecholamine actions and can play a role in various thrombogenic conditions. Today, hypomagnesemia has become a recognized medical occurrence which may be associated with many different diseases, either genetic or acquired. Mg deficiency is one of the most frequent electrolyte abnormalities in clinical practice, but it is probably the most underdiagnosed one. Clinical manifestations of hypomagnesemia may begin insidiously or dramatically sudden. A large part of the population (especially aged subjects) may have an inadequate Mg intake and a chronic latent Mg deficiency. Routine inclusion of serum Mg analysis in the electrolyte panel represents a continued need to recognize hypomagnesemia and to treat Mg-depleted patients. New clinical studies on Mg deficiency are necessary to ascertain the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of Mg replacement therapy.
本文旨在基于广泛的文献综述，探讨镁（Mg）在健康与疾病中的作用。镁是一种必需阳离子，在许多酶系统中发挥关键作用。体内镁的定量储存通过对胃肠道吸收和肾脏排泄的代谢及激素作用进行调节。镁是一种平滑肌松弛剂，可扩张冠状动脉和外周血管，发挥抗心律失常作用，可能对儿茶酚胺的作用具有允许效应，并可在各种血栓形成情况中发挥作用。如今，低镁血症已成为一种公认的医学现象，可能与许多不同疾病相关，包括遗传性或后天性疾病。镁缺乏是临床实践中最常见的电解质异常之一，但可能是诊断最不足的一种。低镁血症的临床表现可能隐匿起病或突然急剧发作。很大一部分人群（尤其是老年受试者）可能镁摄入不足且存在慢性潜在镁缺乏。在电解质检测项目中常规纳入血清镁分析，仍然需要以识别低镁血症并治疗镁缺乏患者。有必要开展关于镁缺乏的新临床研究，以确定镁替代疗法的有效性和成本效益。
