Saksena D N, Bhargava H N
Gegenbaurs Morphol Jahrb. 1975;121(1):55-76.
The hypothalamo-hypophysial vascular relationship and intra-hypophysial vasculatisation have been described in order to understand the regulatory mechanism of hypothalamic control over the functions of the pituitary gland. In Glossogobius giuris, the disposition of the blood vessels in the head region is on typical teleostean pattern with certain modifications. The nucleus preopticus is supplied through the nucleus preopticus artery, a small blood vessel arising from the anterior branch of the posterior cerebral artery, whereas the pituitary gland receives blood through a pair of hypophysial arteries. The blood from the pituitary is drained off by the pituitary veins whch pour their blood into the supra-orbital sinus. The anterior cerebral vein after taking the blood from anterior part of the brain including the hypothalamus and the nucleus preopticus joins with the supra-orbital sinus. The hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system is absent in this fish. The saccus vasculosus receives blood from the posterior cerebral artery through a small blood vessel and is collected by a prominent saccus vasculosus vein which pours blood into the supra-orbital sinus before it joins the infra-orbital sinus to form the heat vein. There seems to be no physological connection between the saccus vasculosus and pituitary gland. The highly vascularised neurohypophysis interdigitate with the pars intermedia and extends upto the proximal pars distalis. The blood vessels are restricted to the neurohypophysial extensions only. However, in the rostral pars distalis the blood vessels are present but the neurohypophysis does not extend to this part. The blood capillaries enter the rostral pars distalis from the capillary network on the surface of pituitary gland along with the connected tissue covering of the pituitary. The neurohypophysis shows a greater vascularisation in comparison to that of the other glandular part of the pituitary gland. In the present study of Glossogobius giuris, though an extensive ramification of neurohypophysis occurs with the pars intermedia and the proximal pars distalis, the neurosecretory axons do not innervate the endocrine cells of the pituitary gland and the blood vessels are found restricted to the neurohypophysial extensions except that of the rostral pars distalis. The neuro-vascular way of hypothalamic control over the functions of the pituitary gland seems to be justified as the neurosecretory fibres have been found associated with the blood vessels.
为了理解下丘脑对垂体功能的调节机制，已对下丘脑 - 垂体血管关系及垂体内血管形成进行了描述。在丝鳍舌鳎中，头部区域血管的分布呈典型的硬骨鱼类模式，但有一些变化。视前核由视前核动脉供血，视前核动脉是一条起源于大脑后动脉前支的小血管，而垂体则通过一对垂体动脉接受血液。垂体的血液由垂体静脉引流，垂体静脉将血液注入眶上窦。大脑前静脉在从包括下丘脑和视前核在内的脑前部获取血液后，与眶上窦相连。这种鱼不存在下丘脑 - 垂体门脉系统。血管囊通过一条小血管从大脑后动脉接受血液，并由一条明显的血管囊静脉收集，该静脉在汇入眶下窦形成头静脉之前将血液注入眶上窦。血管囊与垂体之间似乎没有生理联系。高度血管化的神经垂体与中间部相互交错，并延伸至远侧部近端。血管仅局限于神经垂体的延伸部分。然而，在远侧部前端血管存在，但神经垂体并不延伸至该部分。毛细血管连同垂体的结缔组织覆盖物从垂体表面的毛细血管网进入远侧部前端。与垂体的其他腺性部分相比，神经垂体显示出更大的血管化。在目前对丝鳍舌鳎的研究中，尽管神经垂体与中间部和远侧部近端有广泛的分支，但神经分泌轴突并不支配垂体的内分泌细胞，并且除了远侧部前端外，血管仅局限于神经垂体的延伸部分。由于发现神经分泌纤维与血管相关，下丘脑对垂体功能的神经 - 血管控制方式似乎是合理的。
