[Physiological basis for the therapy of water, electrolyte and acid-base imbalance in infants and children].

The therapeutic measures in the treatment of water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances is based on the utilization of renal regulatory mechanisms. The treatment in infancy and childhood differs from that in adulthood mainly by the fact that kidney function of the small human being is quantitatively more limited due to its developmental status. Quantity and quality of kidney function in infancy and childhood are discussed. The capacity of the kidney to regulate the amount and composition of body fluids in this age group is less broad. In treating disturbances of water, electrolyte and acid-base metabolism it is, therefore, important to make use of simple diagnostic aids to assess individual renal function. A conceptual scheme for treatment is presented.