Scheld W M, Fletcher D D, Fink F N, Sande M A
J Infect Dis. 1979 Sep;140(3):287-94. doi: 10.1093/infdis/140.3.287.
A uniformly fatal, reproducible model of experimental meningitis due to Listeria monocytogenes was developed in rabbits for study of the natural progression of the disease and was used to evaluate treatment regimens. Bacterial titers in cerebrospinal fluid and pleocytosis approximated those found in humans. Therapeutic studies in vivo revealed that rifampin was less rapidly bactericidal than ampicillin or penicillin, the agents usually recommended for treatment of meningitis; that penicillin plus rifampin was no more efficacious than penicillin alone; that ampicillin demonstrated greater bactericidal activity in vivo than did penicillin; and that addition of an aminoglycoside (gentamicin) to either penicillin or ampicillin significantly enhanced their bactericidal activity in vivo. Ampicillin plus gentamicin was the most effective combination in vivo and may represent the preferred mode of therapy for listeria meningitis.
为了研究疾病的自然进展过程，在兔子身上建立了一种由单核细胞增生李斯特菌引起的、具有一致致死性且可重复的实验性脑膜炎模型，并用于评估治疗方案。脑脊液中的细菌滴度和细胞增多情况与人类相似。体内治疗研究表明，利福平的杀菌速度比通常推荐用于治疗脑膜炎的氨苄西林或青霉素慢；青霉素加rifampin并不比单独使用青霉素更有效；氨苄西林在体内表现出比青霉素更强的杀菌活性；并且在青霉素或氨苄西林中添加一种氨基糖苷类药物（庆大霉素）可显著增强它们在体内的杀菌活性。氨苄西林加庆大霉素是体内最有效的组合，可能代表了李斯特菌性脑膜炎的首选治疗方式。
